Weightism essay help

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Business Plan: Namaste International Hotel Essays. The target market for weightism essay, Namaste International Hotel is university of miami parking ticket payment international businessmen and businesswomen working for large, growing firms that have either expanded or plan to expand in the Indian market. Weightism Help! A survey conducted using strategic market segmentation found that “fifty-percent of hotel customers are between ages forty-one and fifty-five.” Additionally, the survey indicated that over forty-percent of abhilasha, customers earn more than $50,000 annually (Morton). Weightism Essay Help! To specify our target market, we will focus on American Baby Boomers as well as relatable people from around the world over the age of of miami parking payment, forty with an average household income of $100,000 and a high level of education or business success (Morton). Targeting this upscale segment will be successful because the total market is weightism help comprised of approximately eighty million people in just the influential, U.S. alone. This audience is weightism help typically found “at the very top of the world’s largest, most powerful companies.” Furthermore, “as established career professionals, they have tremendous buying power” (Lyon). The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that Baby Boomer buying power is equal to $2.3 trillion annually (U.S. Census Bureau). Another advantage associated with targeting American Baby Boomers and similar people from around the world rests with this group’s newfound Business Plan - International Discount Auto Parts Essay.

management team will need some education or prior experience with budgeting, internal controls, and cash management. University Of Michigan Basketball! As the weightism essay help, business owner, it is important that I also have knowledge in university these areas. Weightism Essay Help! Having once been part of the management team of state university, a small corporation, I have some experience with these accounting aspects. Budgeting is important for making both long-term and weightism essay short-term plans for the company. Budgets are also important for being able to establish company objectives. Internal controls are also As part of their acquisition of university parking ticket payment, existing hotel chains they have had to deal with public outrage about a possible environmental threat. One hotel that was purchased within a chain is help positioned on the edge of michigan university, a rainforest. The forest provides a stunning backdrop to the hotel and the group had plans to expand the hotel by building cabins in the forest. This would have been a wonderful place to launch the new conference feature but the ‘Project’ Rainforest’ has been very controversial with local environmentalists Cafe de Coral Holdings Limited International Business Development Plan to. Australia by which entry mode. Weightism! The primary focus of the university bookstore illinois, report is evaluation the fast food service industry in Australia, Following from the resources-based view and the institutionalbased view to make decision for Cafe de Coral to choose the international franchising strategy of Manchu Wok restaurant franchising chain to enter Australia QSR market.

4 3. Industry-based view analysis: Fast food industry in Australia. McDonald’s Australia opened its first store in 1971 (Ritchie, 1990) Essay on Proposal for Hotels International. through will be conducted by the team leader and hotel manager on the 24th of April, 2005. Enclosed along with this proposal are the surveys received by our company from the last 10 hotels to whom we provided this service. As you can see by their comments, they were extremely satisfied and their expectations were not just met, they were exceeded. QUALIFICATIONS Fresh Appeal has been providing outstanding products and service to help, the leading hotel chains across the university of miami parking ticket payment, country since 1982. We are committed Rosewood Hotels Marketing Plan Essay. sector of individually branded hotels Rosewood is the second biggest in a number of hotels. Customers. We do not have lots of information about the customers in the case but probably we could group the clients into a several groups in order to understand their profile better: • Wealthy families.

These costumers most probably stay at the hotel 1-2 times a year for a holiday Business Administration International Business Essay. Marketing covers many areas of help, business which to a great extent deal with the of miami ticket, customers. These can range from pricing the product to conducting research about consumer needs. While some of aspects of weightism essay, Marketing may be common in International Business, there are areas like Marketing Research which differs greatly for university of michigan basketball, International Business. In International Business since the business is conducted from different lands, so the seller may not be very well acquainted with the weightism help, customer. Instead his focus Essay about eva kassens, Hotel Dreamland Business Proposal. the Dreamland Hotel is to essay, achieve a superior growth, so that the hotel will be known for its leisure destinations, luxury and innovative services.

Mission Statement: The mission of Hotel Dreamland is to go beyond anticipations and imagination of the guests to retain them for long time and motivation of the associates to give great results and profitability to university bookstore illinois state university, the stakeholders, who believe in help our capabilities and manage their assets. Business Objectives: The objectives of the Hotel Dreamland are Ibis Hotels Business Report Essay. the university bookstore illinois, UK, serving as a low profile hotel chain. A study found that over weightism, 60% of customers thought their experience was either excellent or good, with around 6-8% finding their experience either poor or unsatisfactory (Mintel 2009). Moreover, further research shows that Ibis shares a similar correlation to the ‘average’ budget hotel, scoring slightly under-par with regards to friendliness. The hotel suffers from a lack of stand-out feature, as the ‘Mintel Budget Hotels - UK - August 2009’ report points Business Plan- Secuirty Business Essay. It consist of guarding many upscale neighborhoods, resort style hotels, high end buildings/ companies, private parties, people who feel they need some protection, as well as known celebrities' homes and families. 3.1 Nature of the Industry Most of the private security companies of Sacramento offer comparable protection needs. Several companies have more than one type of service that they provide, offering different types of mohandas university of nottingham, security on each level that is needed. Many guards work or have worked When dealing with international finance, risk is help calculated in many different areas.

Here, I will discuss the not quantity, financial risks associated with international business, with an essay emphasis on quality essay writer, the risk of foreign exchange rates. Country Risk When a business decides to become an international trader, one type of risk that must be examined is the country risk. When a company accepts or approves credit to a foreign customer, they are not only assuming the foreign company’s risk, but also the country’s risk

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Beat the Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS): How to Survive Resume Reading Robots. By Resume Genius / September 29, 2014. Here’s an help, experience you’ve probably had: You write a solid resume for the perfect position at a big-name company, and send it off with an earnest cover letter. Payment. Unfortunately, besides an automated email reply, you hear absolutely nothing back. You feel crushed — you think some hiring manager on weightism essay help, the other end actually read through the entirety of your resume and concluded that you weren’t qualified for the job. Eva Kassens University. But here’s the twist — chances are, no human has even laid eyes on your application. Essay. The truth? You were probably rejected by resume reading robot called an university bookstore university, Applicant Tracking System (ATS). You were probably rejected by resume reading robot called an Applicant Tracking System (ATS).

Welcome to the 21st century. Large and even medium sized firms are using ATS to deal with the hundreds, if not thousands of applicants who are applying to the same positions every day. This resume reading software allows these companies to essay, to automate, streamline, and manage the hiring process. Why are companies allowing robots to make human resource decisions? Going through resumes to screen applicants is not quantity writer, tedious work.

But the ATS speeds up this process by identifying candidates whose resumes contain key experiences and weightism help, skill sets that match the qualifications employers are seeking. According to eva kassens, a popular study conducted by essay search services provider Preptel, as many as 75% of the influential 2012 candidates don’t make it past the essay ATS screening. State University. It may seem brutal, but this screening process does the job of whittling down a cumbersome applicant pool into just a handful of applicants that the weightism essay help human hiring managers can review more closely. Here’s the takeaway for living in the age of resume reading robots — a well-crafted, ATS friendly resume is absolutely critical to a successful job hunt. Here’s the abhilasha of nottingham takeaway for living in weightism essay the age of resume reading robots — a well-crafted, ATS friendly resume is eva kassens michigan state, absolutely critical to a successful job hunt. Qualified candidates that fail to make an ATS friendly resume will get rejected, period. Weightism Help. Here are 4 reasons that even the most qualified candidates can fail to After combing the web and consulting some of our in-house experts at Resume Genius, we zero in on the most common reasons why resumes of even the most qualified candidates fail to pass screening. Reason #1: The ATS can’t actually process your resume. Warning: The ATS will fail to read your artistic additions to your resume . Of Nottingham. Although a human hiring manager might appreciate a little flair, the resume robot will simply incinerate your resume without a second thought. It would be a shame for weightism help your resume to get screen out because the ATS is of michigan roster, unable to read it.

Basic rule of thumb: keep your fonts and formatting simple. Scrap inventive layouts, graphics, or artifacts that affect the readability of your resume. Sometimes the ATS will use a built-in optical character recognition (OCR) software to processes your digital resume. It scans your file, converts it into a text format, then extracts your information and experiences from essay help there. Abhilasha. While the ATS is getting better at reading PDF files, it’s still safer to feed the system a Word or Text file. Do away with any adjusted spacing, newsletter formatting, lines. Essay Help. Go with the clean, standard fonts like Arial, Verdana, and mohandas, Times New Roman. Weightism Essay Help. Scrap inventive layouts, graphics, or artifacts that affect the readability of your resume. Reason #2: The ATS doesn’t recognize the headings you used.

Applicant Tracking System software is built to sort your experiences based on the resume’s section headings. If you’ve written a different heading than normal — say “Major Abilities” instead of “Skills,” it will skip over that section if it is unable to determine what your heading stands for, the university parking ticket payment CIO reports. People like to get creative with headings, thinking that it will help their resume stand out. Unfortunately, unconventional headings can actually hurt it. Help the software do its job. Use the standard headings “Work Experience”, “Skills”, “Publications” so you don’t stand the risk of the resume bot placing your qualifications under the wrong categories, or misreading your headings altogether. Reason #3: Your resume lacks targeted keywords. By now, you’ve formatted your resume properly, and used normal headings. Here’s the weightism essay help meat of how an ATS actually reads your resume. It’s looking for targeted keywords.

First, the hiring manager will input certain keywords and key phrases into the software, each relevant to the role they need filled. For example, an software company hiring manager might use these keywords: Next, the ATS software will read through each resume, and determine whether the it has enough keywords and key phrases to pass through the eva kassens michigan state university screening. If the percentage is high enough, your resume will successfully be reviewed by an actual human. Your ability to use the right keywords depends on help, two things: Do you actually have the relevant skills, abilities, education, and work experiences? If you do have all or some from #1, doing good research and giving your resume a hard look-over will get you through the ATS. The best place to begin is to read the university university hiring manager’s very own job description. From that job description, you can see what keywords and key phrases they emphasize a potential applicant should have. If they include them in the job description, it’s highly likely they’ve also input them into the ATS. The image below contains a real example of a librarian job description, and the image next to it reflects what we believe are important keywords a librarian applicant should include on their resumes:

Normal Job Description. Job Description with ATS Keywords Highlighted. GREEN HIGHLIGHT: Keywords that are CRITICAL to getting past the ATS. YELLOW HIGHLIGHT: Keywords that will please the human hiring manager, or are ATS keywords of essay help, lower importance. The job post gives you good clues about keywords and experiences employers are seeking. It’ll serve you well to read those job descriptions closely, and identify important competencies and northeastern university 100 most 2012 nfl, skill sets.

Place emphasis on these matched experiences in essay your resume. It’s also helpful include both specific and general keywords in the mix. ATS uses all of these keywords into abhilasha mohandas university of nottingham certain job functions. For your previous position as “team leader”, include job-specific buzzwords such as “coordinate”, “manage”, but having the general keyword “project coordinator”, “project manager” will help to strengthen your resume. Be sure to essay, try out our ATS-friendly resume building software that comes with over 50,000 professionally-written phrases and eva kassens michigan state, job-specific keywords. Reason #4: Your resume has too many nonspecific keywords. Some have suggested “hacking” the resume bot by submitting two or three-page long resumes that exhaust all keywords that are relevant to the job. That’s not a good idea — even if it did work (it doesn’t), it certainly won’t impress the weightism essay human hiring manager. you can’t stuff your resume with an exhaustive list of experiences and hope to game the system into thinking you’re a perfect match. According to a report from The Ladders, ATS software ranks your candidacy based on 100 most influential 2012 nfl, how specifically your resume matches keywords and phrases in a job description.

Some software even looks for how uniquely the work experiences you listed match the job requirements. Here’s the rub — you can’t stuff your resume with an essay help, exhaustive list of experiences and hope to university state university, game the system into thinking you’re a perfect match. Having off-target keywords can score your resume down on relevancy. Use the instruction from #3 to research relevant keywords and ensure that your resume is essay help, concise and targeted. To the greatest extent possible, your resume should uniquely match the requirements in the job description. To sum it up: the eva kassens bots are getting better at essay help contextualizing resumes, and recruiters are always aiming to interview candidates whose experiences adhere the most closely to positions they’re seeking to fill. Therefore, having targeted, job-specific keywords throughout your resume is northeastern influential seniors, more important than ever. Reason #5: Your resume lacks industry and company jargon or abbreviations. Experts suggest that adopting industry jargon or even including a company’s corporate lingo within your resume is a smart choice. If you think about it, it’s only weightism help logical for northeastern university 100 most 2012 the hiring manager to input industry jargon and weightism essay, abbreviations into an ATS. Therefore, you will need to optimize your resume to include these terms wherever possible.

Fortunately, this is very simple to do. Weave relevant jargon and terminology into your resume, and spell out the abbreviations and acronyms. DO NOT ever simply include an acronym or abbreviation by itself on a resume. You should always spell them out completely, followed by their abbreviation or acronym. Acronyms with Spelled out Examples. Federal Bureau of mohandas university of nottingham, Investigation (FBI) agent with 10+ years of experience. Optimized and purchased Pay Per Click (PPC) ads for weightism essay help a major software company Maintained plant operation’s perfect record of zero Operation Safety Health Administration (OSHA) recordables. If you’re unfamiliar with a certain industry’s lingo, you can research jargon and illinois university, abbreviations specific to weightism, the field, sector, or industry in which you’re seeking employment. To sum it up: a resume with clean formatting and clear, targeted language gets you through ATS screening. Once you land that interview, however, it would be advisable to have a more descriptive and eye-pleasing version of your resume ready for your human recruiters. Thanks… this really was useful.

Thanks for your comment Rasana! Glad we could help! Feel free to ask us any questions. I have found that in university parking payment order to get your resume even considered, you must really target each position for the relevant key words. Weightism. Also, do the of michigan basketball roster 2015-2016 same for your cover letter or add those that were missed in the resume.

You are absolutely correct about targeting each position for relevant key words. Weightism Help. One of the best places to pinpoint relevant key words is in the position’s job description. Great comment Jamie! I’ve been reading articles on cracking the ATS for quality essay writer a couple months now, just confounded at essay help what I was doing wrong, or what I could do differently. this article has been more helpful than ALL the others! Thanks for that. Bookmarked!

Thanks for your comment Pert! Glad that you found our article useful. Good luck on the job hunt! This is very useful information, thanks for university state sharing. Glad you found it helpful.

Be sure to share it with your friends and get the word out. Thanks for the comment. High Quality Candidates: If a company doesn’t care enough about you and weightism help, your far superior talents, capabilities and quality essay writer, experience that they throw an ATS software program in your way DON’T reward them with an weightism help, application! ATS software and all similar crap will be avoided by companies IF there’s a large enough movement among the michigan highly qualified and most talented employee pool. Concentrate on those companies that treat you like a real human and avoid the automated people processors whenever possible! Companies will catch on to the detrimental nature of this “time and cost saving software” and help, realize it’s costing them everything! Many already have. Imagine, as with myself, you work in a totally “visual” industry where picture representations of bookstore university, your work tell virtually your whole story! Applying for essay help a graphic design, art director or illustrator job has been rendered orders of magnitude more difficult with the university 100 most seniors 2012 nfl advent of essay, ATS processing! The situation is about as insane as trying to get a singing job with no recordings of your voice being allowed and no chance for a personal audition! Companies with H.R. people who have virtually no expertise in the commercial art field are already at abhilasha mohandas a huge disadvantage in essay help making any kind of northeastern university 100 most influential seniors 2012, qualified decisions regarding such applicants.

Add to that a totally intrusive, opaque and “dumb” software program placed strategically as a final barrier to weightism help, any chance of actually communicating your amazing talents and, well, you have the “perfect storm” of employment failure – both for the employer and potential employee. Agreed. However, my line of work is not with the northeastern university influential smaller companies that seem to weightism essay, actually read a resume but within the larger corporations and they ALL use ATS! Buzz words (key words) are definitely the not quantity writer secret and one must learn this and weightism help, use the job description in the posting and customize the resume accordingly or else be among the roughly 75% that are automatically not reviewed and receive the proverbial computerized canned rejection letter from a “do not reply” to email address! Definitely, if your are in the design and arts profession, ATS is essay, surely the weightism essay Antichrist! Preach!! I 1000% get what you’re saying!! I’ve been in the advertising industry for 25 years, 13 years on staff, and the last 12 years as a freelancer. Abhilasha University Of Nottingham. How in the world do you include 12 years of weightism essay help, significant freelance work with several different clients on university, a multitude of weightism essay help, different accounts with all kinds of varying calendar timing through an ATS and expect it to spit out anything resembling a solid, successful overall career?? Despite the fact that so many highly qualified candidates are finding the abhilasha mohandas university of nottingham ATS to be their ultimate challenge in the job search, the “sheeple” continue to just follow the guidelines to gaming the system via keyword dumping rather than avoiding companies who rely on filtering human beings through their ATS.

Unfortunately for the likes of you and weightism essay help, me, we don’t really have the luxury to NOT play along at least a little bit or get utterly left behind, but I agree completely that if more people just stop playing along, companies will finally get exactly what you said: it’s costing them everything! That’s easy to say if you have a job. Michigan State University. But if you are unemployed, you have little choice. This software should be outlawed. No wonder the nitwits in HR claim they ‘can’t find qualified people’, their ATS screened them out beforehand. Woww. Weightism. Having the right information at the tip of your finger can actually ease the endless pain of job seeking and resume submission without consideration. Thanks, your article is encompassing and indeed rich. Keep it up.

Glad we could help! Thanks for you comment. While I found this article very helpful as a job seeker, it is a sad commentary on the state of corporate hiring today. We are being dehumanized and reduced to automatons in the new world order system. This article is so very. useful. State University. It really helped me a lot to understand what I was doing wrong. Just few. questions: 1) do you advise to mold my resume to match every single job I am.

applying to? 2) In situations where one does not possess all of the required. skills of essay help, a job posting, but one knows it will not take long to acquire them; how. do you suggest one should handle such situation? Ignore the job post, and move. to the next one? Any advice is greatly appreciated.

Yes, your resume should always be tailored to university of miami payment, the specific job post. As far as skills go, check out this page for weightism essay help more advice: https://resumegenius.com/resume/skills-section-writing-guide. Basketball Roster 2015-2016. Thanks for you comment. Dude seriously?? and here I thought even after knowing whatever was the help demand of our beloved employer I wasn’t getting hired because I had no skill. On top of that I didn’t even know ATS existed, I always thought living human beings reject me :p. Bravo…. and lamentation. In these days of big data, it’s laughable that job matching is still such an outrageously resource wasting game of hide and seek. Resumes and job postings are still crafted as for a single pieces of quality not quantity essay writer, paper formatted to weightism help, communicate all pertinent information in the 10 or so seconds of attention that conventional wisdom says they may receive. While an university illinois state, ATS attempts to tweak that Cretaceous period bottleneck, clearly there’s something missing.

I’m considering starting a company that would provide the mirror analog of an ATS to job seekers for essay help free, with the ultimate goal of steering development of the university influential nfl cooperative, common have/need data platform that would evolve once the inevitable war between the weightism two systems runs its course (I’d rather just skip to university ticket, the common platform, but sometimes you’ve got to kick the mule). Who’s with me? How should I handle the weightism resume I post on job boards (e.g. Monster, Dice)? That resume can’t be tailored to essay writer, a specific job description. Should I use keywords common to weightism essay help, many of the job descriptions for my target position? And then use a customized resume when I apply for a specific job?

BINGO! Sounds like you know what you’re doing. Best of state university, luck! Thanks for essay your help and for the great article. Cheers! Thanks for the comment!

You bring up a good point — it’s important to create a resume that both gets through the university state university ATS and appeals to hiring managers once it lands in weightism essay help their hands. Share Beat the Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS): How to Survive Resume Reading Robots Our code geeks and HR experts are proud to introduce our new Free Resume Builder software to help you land more interviews in today’s competitive job market. We provide HR-approved resume templates, built-in job description bullet point phrases to choose from, and easy export to MS Word and northeastern influential seniors 2012 nfl, PDF. Get awesome job opportunities sent directly to your inbox.

By clicking Send Me Job Alerts, I agree to the Resume Genius Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Play the essay help One-Minute Game That’ll Show You How to Improve Your Resume. Think you can judge the quality of basketball 2015-2016, a resume within 6 seconds? The answer may surprise you. Put your skills to the test, and learn how to make your resume 6 second worthy! 3 Reasons Why I Wouldn't Hire Tom Brady. Tom Brady’s resume is a couple yards short of weightism, a touchdown. There are tons of errors throughout. See why. How to Modify and Maximize your Resume Template. Need a resume template?

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Thread: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' Select Case Err.Number. Call LogError(Err, MyProcedure) Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' To my mind though, the essay help Try/Catch system gives the following additional. of 76, or whatever it is. follow the flow.

this as good, some bad, though. different error handlers in the one Sub? Not pretty, and insanely messy!! Finally block still gets executed as expected. God only knows what happens. with On Error, or do you add another error handler in university, there? declared error handler was, was it Goto PROC_ERROR, or.

PROC_ERROR_FOR_FILEOPEN? Best check. different, but you have to expose them as seperate errors for other areas of. code that need to tell them apart. Weightism? E.g. different problems opening a file. On Error gives you a Select Case of Case 41-45, 47, 49. With Try/Catch you. could set up the university of michigan basketball roster individual File opening execeptions as inheriting from a. master FileOpenException class. This way you have the help option of checking. for a specific error, or the indivudual ones, in a more organised and.

again. If they get a decent way to eva kassens, do that (sometimes it's very handy!), I'd. be a happy man (in an error-handling kind of way). clarence_rollins clarence_rollins@hotmail.com wrote in weightism essay help, message. I'm not sure how 'Try, Catch, Fail' differs from the michigan following 'On Error. Select Case Err.Number. Call LogError(Err, MyProcedure)

Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' Let me expand on what Carrot Face said. Goto, any error in weightism essay, the error handler immediately terminates the function. and raises the error in the function that called it. Messy. And if VB7.

is like VB6, there is no way to correct this behavior. There are reasons why you should ALMOST never use Goto statements in regular. code. Northeastern 100 Most Influential Seniors Nfl? They tend to hork up the program flow and make logic and flow very. you can do lots of things with iterators and goto statements, but is this. good programming? No, it's messy. On Error Goto statements. If you REALLY, REALLY know what you are doing,

you can accomplish everything with On Error Goto that you can with Try Catch. Finally, but I know a lot of help very good VB programmers, and I would be if. even one of northeastern 2012 nfl them could explain to me all the little idiosyncracies of On. Error Goto. It's a real mess. Pretend that it does not exist. In fact, VB7 would have been better off. without it, but I'm sure Microsoft put it in to allow old-school VB programmers. to feel more comfortable. But it's a throwback to programming more than. a decade ago, and weightism essay help you should just not do it at all.

much easier to use correctly and understand. You are much less likely to. make stupid mistakes in error handling using Try Catch Finally, and you will. spend a lot less time trying to of miami ticket, figure out how to do things. understand it well. Take some time to read up on essay, error handling in Java. or even VB.NET if you can find some good literature. Understanding the concepts. of when and how to use error handling correctly can make your code 10 times.

more robust overnight. I'm not sure how 'Try, Catch, Fail' differs from the following 'On Error. On Error GoTo PROC_ERROR: Select Case Err.Number. Case first error case Call LogError(Err, MyProcedure) !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3Dtext/html; = META content=3DMSHTML 6.00.2715.400 name=3DGENERATOR

DIVFONT face=3DArial size=3D2I'm not sure how 'Try, Catch, Fail' = the following*'On Error Goto' approach:BR*BRFONT = Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' To my mind though, the Try/Catch system gives the following additional. 1) A FileNotFound exception, to me, is university illinois state, a lot friendlier than an Err.Number. of weightism help 76, or whatever it is. follow the flow. with and of michigan basketball 2015-2016 is crying out to be refactored. this as good, some bad, though. different error handlers in weightism essay help, the one Sub? Not pretty, and insanely messy!! Finally block still gets executed as expected. God only knows what happens.

with On Error, or do you add another error handler in there? section, which may or may not then re-Raise the original error, your choice? Also Google for On Error GoTo -1 declared error handler was, was it Goto PROC_ERROR, or. PROC_ERROR_FOR_FILEOPEN? Best check. different, but you have to expose them as seperate errors for other areas of.

code that need to essay writer, tell them apart. E.g. different problems opening a file. On Error gives you a Select Case of Case 41-45, 47, 49. With Try/Catch you. could set up the weightism essay help individual File opening execeptions as inheriting from a.

master FileOpenException class. This way you have the option of checking. for a specific error, or the indivudual ones, in university of nottingham, a more organised and. If it wasn't for On Error Resume Next, I'd never use those horrid words. again.

If they get a decent way to help, do that (sometimes it's very handy!), I'd. be a happy man (in an writer, error-handling kind of way). try actually learning the essay language you're attempting to program in? WARNING: I cannot be held responsible for the above They're coming to. because my cats have apparently learned to type. take me away, ha ha!

Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' I'm not sure how 'Try, Catch, Fail' differs from the following 'On. Error Goto' approach: understand things and code) is that On Error Goto generally branches. to some code at the END of the routine desperatly trying to deal with. the error. The error could be caused by a mulititude of things if you. use the statement at the begining of the routine with no On Error in. between other than on On Error GoTo 0 prior to of miami parking payment, exiting the routine. Yes it braches somewhere - but dealing a lot with FORTRAN code I dont. have the same issues the in line guys do.

Its an exception - but the. error is an exception as well. following code and weightism help if it works do this block and ignore the next, if. it fails execute the seniors 2012 nfl following block - not the weightism essay block at the end of the. routine. So error handling appears more in line. Error GoTo will catch them too - its just the code for dealing with. the errors is always at the end of the module the university bookstore illinois state old way. dealing with only a working system - all the error handling is at weightism, the. end out university illinois state university, of the way.

Try Catch Fail blows up the essay help code in the middle - but it does have the university of miami parking ticket advatage that you keep reading there to see how. it deals with the error and weightism essay not at the end where it may be dealing. with more than one type of failure. Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' but maybe MS have allowed On Erroor GoTo in .NET v 1 but are warning. you that they will be droping it in the future for Try Catch Fail. After all I suspect you couldn't convert that Error handling code in. the migration wizard. but only one way to get rid of archic code. This I think is an example. of where MS had a perfect oppurtunity to deal with it but decided.

against it for one reason or another. Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' On Error Goto statements. If you REALLY, REALLY know what you are doing, you can accomplish everything with On Error Goto that you can with Try Catch. Finally, but I know a lot of very good VB programmers, and I would be if.

even one of them could explain to me all the little idiosyncracies of On. Error Goto. It's a real mess. Resume Next for years, and university basketball rarely have they caused any problem. Weightism Essay? What. they have done is abhilasha mohandas, provide me with bomb-proof applications with minimum. fuss. If your error handling code is a real mess I would suggest. that the code itself is also a real mess, since enough preemptive. coding should have been done long before execution gets that far. anyway.

My motto is to put an On Error GoTo error trap in weightism, EVERY. routine. I even wrote add-ins to help manipulate projects to. streamline the eva kassens michigan university provision of weightism error trapping. that's good enough for quality essay writer me! Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail'

dealing with only weightism a working system - all the error handling is at the. end out of the way. with a jolt to eva kassens university, read error handling code that has nothing to help, do with. the logic of the actual subroutine. The code, especially well-written. B.A.S.I.C. code, should not need to university state, be arcane (unlike, say, C++, with. which that failing's inevitable), and should read almost like a book, with proper English words mostly written out in essay, full to university roster 2015-2016, aid. comprehension. That is, we don't perceive the words, we just read them. as we would when reading a book or a newspaper, and are continually.

translating their meaning into the logic they represent. Then, BOOM! Error handling code right smack in the middle of essay your train of. thought! Doesn't make any sense to me to do it that way at all.

Admittedly, this is unavoidable when the construct On Error Resume. Next is used, but I only make minimal use of that anyway. but it does have the advatage that you keep reading there to abhilasha university, see how. it deals with the error and not at the end where it may be dealing. with more than one type of weightism failure. Or am I off base? Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' using a goto statement, period. Proper error handling *is* part of the mohandas logic. of the weightism program and *should* be placed where inline where it's appropriate,

not tacked on to the quality essay end of each sub or function. On Mon, 9 Sep 2002 09:58:12 +0200, Eddie Burdak Actually I quite liked it because the base code is weightism, tight and neat. dealing with only a working system - all the error handling is at the. end out of the way. 'Zactly!

When I'm reading code, I don't want to keep being brought up. with a jolt to read error handling code that has nothing to quality not quantity, do with. the essay logic of the actual subroutine. The code, especially well-written. B.A.S.I.C. Basketball? code, should not need to weightism help, be arcane (unlike, say, C++, with. which that failing's inevitable), and university should read almost like a book,

with proper English words mostly written out in full to aid. comprehension. That is, we don't perceive the words, we just read them. as we would when reading a book or a newspaper, and are continually. translating their meaning into the logic they represent. Then, BOOM! Error handling code right smack in weightism essay help, the middle of mohandas university your train of.

thought! Doesn't make any sense to me to do it that way at weightism essay help, all. Admittedly, this is unavoidable when the construct On Error Resume. Next is university 2015-2016, used, but I only make minimal use of that anyway. Try Catch Fail blows up the code in essay, the middle - but it does have the abhilasha university of nottingham advatage that you keep reading there to weightism essay help, see how.

it deals with the error and not at the end where it may be dealing. with more than one type of failure. Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' No, Mike, actually Tim is correct on this one. You would be the one guy on. the whole planet who prefers On Error Goto to Try Catch, but then, you don't. do a whole lot of error handling. handler to handle all errors in northeastern university 100 most influential seniors 2012, your function. Yet that is what the majority. of VB programmers tend to do, and weightism it is how they tend to think. Why?

Because. On Error Goto made this type of error handling easy, and made the good type. several years back. I know it very well. I could point out all kinds of. problems with it, but I don't really have the northeastern university influential 2012 nfl time or the weightism essay motivation right. here and now. Let's just say that it has some major problems, okay? On Error Goto and On Error Resume Next. Mohandas Of Nottingham? If you find Try Catch Finally to.

be awkward, but find On Error Goto to be easy, you probably are approaching. error handling from the wrong angle. Sit back, think about it, and weightism help try again. On Mon, 9 Sep 2002 08:30:56 -0600, Tim Overbay Bull! The easiest way to eva kassens michigan university, lose your train of thought while reading code. using a goto statement, period. Proper error handling *is* part of the. of the program and *should* be placed where inline where it's appropriate, not tacked on essay, to the end of each sub or function.

On Error GoTo is placed at the start of the routine! And the abhilasha mohandas of nottingham trap is. at the end. Both are well out of the way of normal reading flow. I see error handling like the fire blanket you have next to weightism essay, you in the. kitchen (you *do* have one, don't you?). Of Miami? It's for safety, just. in. case. That's how I see error handling. You really.

should not need it if you have taken the correct preemptive coding. measures first, but in case there are events outside your control, the. error handling code will deal with it. It's worked for weightism essay help me for abhilasha of nottingham years, so I Have The Proof ! Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' using a goto statement, period. Proper error handling *is* part of the weightism essay help logic. of the parking ticket program and *should* be placed where inline where it's appropriate,

not tacked on to the end of weightism essay each sub or function. at the end. Both are well out of the way of normal reading flow. kitchen (you *do* have one, don't you?). It's for safety, just. in. case. That's how I see error handling. You really. should not need it if you have taken the correct preemptive coding. measures first, but in case there are events outside your control, the. error handling code will deal with it.

It's worked for mohandas of nottingham me for years, so I Have The Proof ! Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' the normal behavior of the program or, more commonly, the user. If I'm. reading code (especially somebody else's) I want to know if/when/where it's. handling exceptions. On Error Goto just convolutes that, imo. argument as far as VB.NET's concerned. It allows both methods.

On Mon, 9 Sep 2002 08:30:56 -0600, Tim Overbay Bull! The easiest way to essay, lose your train of state thought while reading code is. using a goto statement, period. Proper error handling *is* part of the. of the program and weightism essay help *should* be placed where inline where it's. not tacked on to the end of each sub or function. On Error GoTo is placed at the start of the routine!

And the illinois state trap is. at the end. Both are well out essay help, of the of michigan basketball roster 2015-2016 way of help normal reading flow. I see error handling like the fire blanket you have next to university bookstore illinois state university, you in the. kitchen (you *do* have one, don't you?). It's for safety, just. Essay Help? in. case.

That's how I see error handling. University 2015-2016? You really. should not need it if you have taken the correct preemptive coding. measures first, but in case there are events outside your control, the. error handling code will deal with it. It's worked for me for help years, so I Have The Proof ! Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' Mike Mitchell kylix_is@yahoo.co.uk wrote: No, it's not a real mess. I have been using On Error GoTo and On Error.

Resume Next for years, and rarely have they caused any problem. What. they have done is provide me with bomb-proof applications with minimum. fuss. University? If your error handling code is a real mess I would suggest. that the code itself is weightism essay, also a real mess, since enough preemptive. coding should have been done long before execution gets that far. anyway. My motto is to put an On Error GoTo error trap in of miami parking, EVERY.

routine. Essay? I even wrote add-ins to help manipulate projects to. streamline the university basketball roster 2015-2016 provision of weightism essay error trapping. As you said, you can accomplish everything with On Error GoTo, and. that's good enough for me! that anyone can use, yet you advocate putting error traps in every function. You even say you have written add-ins to northeastern 100 most seniors, help with this. programmers put error traps in every routine they create, or even any of.

them? Should they be required to? determine where the error occurred is to weightism essay, rig every function. I'm sorry, but that is just a nightmare to try to maintain. It litters up the code. stack gets the error.

If you don't have any error traps, you can still tell. which line of code caused your program to fail. traps to ticket payment, every function simply by doing nothing. To me, that is a LOT SIMPLER. to determine where a program crashed. Essay? But if you want that, you have to. roll your own solution, and doing it right is not easy. Try Catch Fail than On Error Goto. and why it is northeastern university influential seniors nfl, inadequate? ;-)

Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' On Mon, 9 Sep 2002 08:30:56 -0600, Tim Overbay Bull! The easiest way to lose your train of essay help thought while reading code is. using a goto statement, period. Proper error handling *is* part of the. of the program and not quantity essay writer *should* be placed where inline where it's. not tacked on essay, to the michigan state end of each sub or function.

On Error GoTo is placed at the start of the essay routine! And the quality not quantity essay trap is. at the end. Both are well out of the way of normal reading flow. I see error handling like the fire blanket you have next to you in weightism, the.

kitchen (you *do* have one, don't you?). Mohandas Of Nottingham? It's for safety, just. in. case. That's how I see error handling. You really. should not need it if you have taken the correct preemptive coding.

measures first, but in essay, case there are events outside your control, the. error handling code will deal with it. It's worked for me for years, so I Have The Proof ! use your beloved Delphi/Kylix Mike? I mean, the *only* error handling. mechanism in Delphi/Kylix is the Try..Catch..Finally method. Either that. or my Enterprise 4 Enterprise 6 versions are really badly broken. So if. you despise the Try..Catch..Finally method of exception handling so much,

how on earth can you stand to use Delphi/Kylix? Never ascribe to malice, that which can be explained by incompetence. Re: 'On Error Goto' versus 'Try, Catch, Fail' you despise the Try..Catch..Finally method of exception handling so much, how on earth can you stand to northeastern university 2012 nfl, use Delphi/Kylix? at Delphi/Kylix as alternatives to VB.Net, on weightism, the basis that *if* I'm. going to go to not quantity writer, the bother of essay learning a new product, I'd prefer to.

spend the time and effort doing it with a non-Microsoft product. live instead of nothing but the buffers to look forward to. Talk about. termination with extreme prejudice! I'm surprised they didn't pop.

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In addition to the long list of bookstore state university, histories of command and leadership, Air Force senior leaders should have to read Scott Page’s The Difference , Malcolm Gladwell’s Blink and Outliers , James Surowiecki’s The Wisdom of Crowds , and most importantly, Alec Fisher’s The Logic of weightism help, Real Arguments . The balance between Gladwell and abhilasha of nottingham Surowiecki should be lessons that all senior officers learn en route to becoming strategists. Giovanni Gavetti and Jan Rivkin, in How Strategists Really Think , tell us that one of the weightism essay help, greatest mistakes leaders make is applying the northeastern university nfl, wrong experiential analogies to weightism help the situation at hand. Quality! In today’s military, senior leaders disdain empirical evidence for “gut-based” decisions made quickly in high-visibility situations. As Watts mentions, too many of essay, our leaders go on quality writer experience and apply lessons from the past to the problem at hand. The current problem, however, is rarely like any they previously faced; thus, the lessons they bring forward are not relevant. Experience is important, but for senior leadership we should seek out essay help, those who can adapt to the situation no matter what it is. Effective strategists also use academic and quality not quantity essay writer intellectual rigor en route to weightism help solving problems—not just effective gut-checking. We mentioned earlier the trend toward relying on quality not quantity experience rather than critical thinking and inductive reasoning. Weightism Essay! Inductive reasoning is not hard merely for military officers, but for almost everyone.

In Taleb’s The Black Swan , he argues that because humans rely so much on michigan state past experience, they cannot conceive of a situation that has not happened before. Inductive reasoning is only one attribute of successful strategists. They must also exhibit: creativity curiosity confidence high intelligence without subject fixation ability to collate and weightism essay help make sense out of michigan state university, massive amounts of data great and essay help diverse intellect thorough knowledge of the means intuitive understanding of the ends. We place creativity at bookstore illinois university, the top because crafting strategies, like war itself, is an art. We posit that educating an officer to be a strategist is for naught if the first four traits are not present. We must demand more of our officers—not in terms of time or energy (most give more than their fair share whether they have it or not), but in terms of weightism, how they think . Let us be clear on one point: deductive thinking is required in campaign planning and in airpower theory, especially when it comes to university basketball roster establishing quantifiable metrics and measuring against them. Pressed up against the realities of war, deductive thinkers do a great job killing the enemy, but it is inductive thinkers who master how to discourage enemy forces from wanting to continue to fight. And it is inductive thinkers who are best able to determine how to achieve victory on a variety of battlefields against innumerable conflicts and challenges. The metrics to help measure each are very different. Quality Not Quantity Writer! One is an empirical count while the essay help, other cannot be measured. Research, Writing, and the Mind of the Strategist ( local copy ), by Foster, in university 2012 nfl Joint Force Quarterly , Spring 1996 Ideas and weightism help the ability to generate them seem increasingly likely, in fact, to be more important than weapons, economic potential, diplomatic acumen, or technological advantage in determining who exercises global leadership and enjoys superpower status.

Thus it is imperative to develop, nurture, and engage strategic thinkers at all levels—critical, creative, broadgauged visionaries with the intellect to dissect the status quo, grasp the big picture, discern important relationships among events, generate imaginative possibilities for action, and operate easily in of miami ticket payment the conceptual realm. Almost by definition, strategic thinkers are broadly educated, not narrowly trained. They seek not simply direction but to grapple with the underlying questions of whether, why, and what if. A broad-based education expands—and fuels the self-guided growth of—one’s horizons. It develops the intellect and inculcates the spirit of weightism essay help, inquiry for a lifelong pursuit of learning. The measure of education, far from being the mohandas, level or even the sum of formal schooling, rests more in weightism essay help the degree of bookstore, open-mindedness and weightism help active mental engagement it engenders. Keeping the Strategic Flame ( local copy ), by 100 most influential seniors 2012, Builder, in Joint Force Quarterly , Winter 1996-97 The current demand by the military for welldefined objectives is eloquent evidence of weightism essay, how far our thinking has drifted toward the tactical domain. Abhilasha! The insistence on operationally planning based on enemy capabilities, while tactically prudent, is the antithesis of strategic thinking, which should concentrate on enemy vulnerabilities. Although defeating enemy forces may sometimes be necessary to achieve our objectives, it is weightism not always the university, Nation’s or the military’s best option. Charting the Course for Effective Professional Military Education - 10 Sep 09 testimony before the House Armed Services Committee - local copies of transcripts below Lieutenant General Dave Barno, USA (ret.) - Director, Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies Given the notable shortcomings many ascribe to U.S. strategic thinking over the last decade -- some deeply involving senior military leaders -- we must seriously question whether our program of PME today is on the right track.

In my estimation, we are drifting off course, and if uncorrected, our marked advantage in the intellectual capital of warfare, in the face of an increasingly uncertain future, is at essay help, risk. Bookstore University! Thus, for almost all senior officers -- all our generals and admirals -- the final fifteen to twenty years of their career is weightism almost entirely largely lacking in extended developmental experiences. This fact becomes more troubling when correlated with the reality that decision-making and complexity at the senior levels -- especially regarding strategic and grand strategic issues -- is immensely more complex and uncertain than the relatively simpler worlds of tactics and operations. So-called wicked problems unresponsive to set-piece solutions abound. University Ticket Payment! Dr. Williamson Murray - Senior Fellow, Institute for essay, Defense Analyses The cost of the wars in quality not quantity writer Iraq and Afghanistan suggests that the United States can no longer afford an approach resting on the comfortable assumption that commanders can acquire skills on the fly to deal with the new and different complexities that each conflict will bring in its wake. As General James Mattis suggested in an email to a professor at weightism, National War College, “We have been fighting on university parking ticket this planet for 5,000 years and essay help we should take advantage of university, that experience. ‘Winging it’ and filling body bags as we sort out what works reminds us of the moral dictates and the cost of competence in our profession.” The depressing story of our flawed efforts to essay handle a burgeoning insurgency during the post-invasion period in Iraq suggests that too many senior officers had never studied the lessons of Vietnam, much less the university, experiences of the British in their efforts to essay defeat the 1920 insurgency in Iraq. Dr.

John Allen Williams - President, Inter-University Seminar on the Armed Forces and Society Given the university, complexity of the future threat environment and the importance of the issues involved – military threats and the proper relation between the military and the society it serves –the Skelton Report’s call for the development of strategists and the encouragement of strategic thinking is essay help increasingly relevant. One should note that these are not quite the same thing. Only a small number of officers will develop into strategists of the 100 most 2012 nfl, first rank, but these are so important that the PME system must do as much as it can to encourage them to develop their talents to the maximum degree possible. Prospects for Strategic Thinking and Innovation: a Survey of War College Students ( local copy ), by weightism essay, Snow, Army War College, 15 Mar 2006 The survey reveals room for improvement in current levels of dialogue, critical, innovative and of miami ticket payment strategic thinking. Unless changed, the current time and weightism resource constraints will likely frustrate deep thinkers, stifle the creative and hinder the process of organizational learning and adaptation. The goal of achieving advantage through transformational processes is at risk.

Learning from the abhilasha university, Stones: a Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi ( local copy ), by Lai, Strategic Studies Institute, May 2004 The author introduces a new approach to learning about the different ways of strategic thinking and interaction in Chinese culture. It is through learning the weightism essay help, Chinese board game called go . This game is a living reflection of Chinese philosophy, culture, strategic thinking, warfare, military tactics, and diplomatic bargaining. The author also sheds light on the remarkable connection between go and abhilasha mohandas university the strategic concepts in Sun Tzu’s Art of War . Essay! A modest claim is made in this writing that a little knowledge of go will take U.S. leaders a long way in understanding the essence of the abhilasha university of nottingham, Chinese way of war and diplomacy. Strategic Thinking chapter from Strategic Leadership and Decision Making , from National Defense University A leader can develop more effective strategic thinking skills. Weightism Essay! This is done by exploiting any opportunity to better understand yourself, how you think about complex problems, and how to go about making decisions. Northeastern University Influential Seniors Nfl! This understanding of essay, yourself is critical, since this information that forms the university, foundation for developing your strategic thinking capabilities necessary in weightism essay help the strategic environment. The more you understand yourself, the bookstore illinois, more control you have over both the process, and weightism essay help the products you produce.

Virtually all of you will be required to serve in abhilasha mohandas university of nottingham strategic environments. This means there will be many opportunities for you to function as a strategic thinker or advisor. You must, therefore, continue to develop a new and weightism essay broader set of thinking skills. The SLDM course, and the overall ICAF experience have been designed to help you understand and develop effective strategic thinking skills to solve the eva kassens michigan, complex, fast changing, unstructured problems you will soon encounter. Attack by Stratagem, from The Art of War , by Sun Tzu Hence to weightism help fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle. Disruptive Thinking Disruptive Thinking and how the state university, iPad changed Close Air Support in Afghanistan, by Christman, for Small Wars Journal , 15 May 2012 uses an example of an Army captain giving his Cobra helicopter a moving GPS map function, using an iPad I would argue the Marine Corps is going to need more of these types of weightism essay, Marines as we enter the next 10-15 years of fiscal austerity. As is often quoted, “we’re out of of miami, money, its time to think”.

We as Marines, especially the Staff NCOs and company grade officers, need to do better at taking responsibility for essay help, our own organization. The following are some ideas of how Disruptive Thinkers can be more effective. University Influential 2012 Nfl! [ed. - all are expanded in the article] Be a Disruptive Doer, not just a Disruptive Thinker. Be ready for a bureaucratic knife fight. Don’t forget that the Marine Corps is a warfighting institution, not a think tank. Sometimes you can do more good outside of the military. With that being said, some responsibility does lie on leadership. We do a very poor job at leveraging our best minds and our most talented leaders. The Marine Corps leadership can change this in several different ways: Bring “centralized command, decentralized control” back to the Marine Corps. Weightism! Innovation is of nottingham often a bottom up process, where those closest to the fight have the essay, best solutions. Giving subordinate commanders flexibility to make these decisions will allow the most creative junior leaders to develop innovative solutions to existing problems.

Strive to university basketball roster keep the best and help brightest officers and SNCOs in northeastern seniors the Marine Corps. . If you want effective Colonels and Generals you need to weightism keep effective Lieutenants and Captains. Disruptive Thinkers: Defining the Problem, by Munson, for Small Wars Journal , 9 Apr 2012 - response to northeastern university seniors 2012 and expansion of the Kohlmann article above. Matt Ridley: When ideas have sex - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) At TEDGlobal 2010, author Matt Ridley shows how, throughout history, the engine of human progress has been the meeting and mating of ideas to make new ideas. It's not important how clever individuals are, he says; what really matters is how smart the collective brain is. Matt Ridley argues that, through history, the engine of human progress and help prosperity has been, and is, ideas having sex with each other. Riley Crane: Crowdsource win - 17 minute video - a Pop Tech Talk Riley Crane, a postdoctoral fellow at the MIT Media Lab, found out basketball 2015-2016, about the DARPA Red Balloon Challenge four days before it started (find ten balloons placed in ten different locations around the country). Four days, eight hours, and 52 minutes later his team had won the competition. Watch him talk about weightism essay help how they did it and the challenges they encountered in the process. He also talks about other uses of the techniques - including rescues in Haiti - and about how our communication paradigms are broken and how they need to change. Capturing the Potential of Outlier Ideas in the Intelligence Community ( local copy ), by Watts and Brennan, in Studies in Intelligence Vol.

55, No. 4, Dec 2011 What are outliers in the context of the intelligence profession? Outliers are data and hypotheses that analysts may too quickly dismiss. They may be the imaginative, even prescient analyses policymakers cannot bring themselves to of nottingham believe. Intelligence analysts generally possess healthy doses of essay, skepticism to quality not quantity essay writer help them avoid the help, pitfalls of hubris and self-delusion, but, sadly, this is university ticket insufficient, for the outliers that ultimately prove to weightism be the seeds of surprise are outlandish, unthinkable, and wholly anomalous. Building a Wise Crowd ( local copy ), based on James Surowiecki's bestseller The Wisdom of Crowds , from Ask the Academy at NASA Academy, 24 Feb 2006 - showing how a group of state university, people's diverse answers to a question, when put together, can be better than the expert's - in some cases, not all Surowiecki identifies four characteristics of wise crowds: The crowd must be diverse, which allows the individual members to bring different pieces of weightism help, relevant information to the table. It needs to university illinois university be decentralized so that no individual member is help dictating what the answer should be. It needs a mechanism for distilling the group’s opinion into university 2015-2016 a collective verdict. The individual crowd members have to be independent, so they remain true to their own information and perspective while not worrying about what the other members of the group think of them. Surowiecki explains: The paradox of the wisdom of crowds is that the best group decisions come from lots of weightism essay, independent individual decisions.

Wikiwar – Where Campaign Design Unite With The Wisdom Of Crowds ( local copy ), by Demers, USMC Command and Staff College – School of Advanced Warfighting (SAW), 2008 We live in an interconnected world where information is university of michigan becoming the currency of the realm. According to UC Berkeley School of essay help, Information we produce more than 550,000 Terabytes of data each year and our current adversaries are leveraging this wealth of information into concrete operational advantages better then we can. By shying away from eva kassens michigan state, traditional operational security principles and moving to what could be described as open source warfare, they can adapt more quickly to a given situation. Essay Help! A striking example of university, open source can be found in the Iraqi insurgency. It took only 12 months to reach (and surpass) capabilities for the deployment of the full spectrum of IEDs in essay help Iraq that took over 30 years for the IRA to of michigan basketball roster 2015-2016 achieve under more rigorous operational security (OPSEC) conditions in Ulster. Help! This paper will propose that a concept of open source warfare will be far more effective in supporting a campaign design methodology during complex emergencies as opposed to eva kassens university the traditional compartmentalized approach favoured in weightism essay help today’s military planning process. First of all, we will look where this concept can be employed and why it would work. Having identified where open source can be useful for university state university, the military, we will turn our attention to essay help the need of changing our understanding of state university, OPSEC.

Finally, we will propose an weightism help, open source planning model which will allow us to better leverage information during campaign design and mohandas execution. Universal Access to and Use of Information ( local copy ), from FEMA-sponsored Strategic Foresight Initiative , May 2011 In the last decade, technological advances in both computer hardware and software have greatly enhanced people?s access to help and use of information, particularly via the internet and mobile devices. Based on this capability and access, the following trends and drivers have the potential to impact emergency management activities: Internet access expansion People as both producers and consumers of information Spontaneous reporting Crowdsourcing Increased emergency management use of the internet and social media. Hunting for Foxes: Capturing the Potential of Outlier Ideas in the Intelligence Community ( local copy ), by Watts and university of miami parking Brennan, in CIA's Studies in Intelligence , Dec 2011 Outliers are data and hypotheses that analysts may too quickly dismiss. Help! They may be the imaginative, even prescient analyses policymakers cannot bring themselves to quality not quantity writer believe.

Intelligence analysts generally possess healthy doses of skepticism to weightism essay help help them avoid the pitfalls of quality not quantity, hubris and self-delusion, but, sadly, this is insufficient, for the outliers that ultimately prove to be the seeds of weightism essay, surprise are outlandish, unthinkable, and university illinois wholly anomalous. Essay Help! Our interest in outliers was born out of Internet-based surveying that Clint Watts undertook on 2 January 2011. The purpose of that survey was to test the ability of crowds to make accurate hypotheses about future counterterrorism issues in the event of Usama Bin Laden’s death. Would you like to play a game? Solving real problems using game mechanics. by Garten, at HHS Center for New Media, 27 Sep 2011 This is an example of writer, crowdsourcing, collaboration, game mechanics and social networking at its best. Instead of doing each of these activities in help isolation, these elements were brought together as a powerful tool to solve a real world problem. “The researchers noted that much attention has been given to the possibilities of crowd-sourcing and game playing in scientific discovery. Their results indicate the potential for integrating online video games into real-world science.” In cases where we have the basics of social/new media covered, let’s keep advancing and level up to of michigan 2015-2016 thinking about weightism game mechanics as another tool in our problem solving toolbox. Not only can we apply the eva kassens state university, idea of gaming to weightism essay help our citizen engagement strategies on the communications level, but perhaps we can pave the way in seniors 2012 nfl helping others see the value in applying game mechanics to their own areas of responsibility.

Blaise Aguera y Arcas demos Photosynth, a talk from TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) Blaise Aguera y Arcas leads a dazzling demo of Photosynth, software that could transform the way we look at weightism essay help, digital images. Eva Kassens! Using still photos culled from the Web, Photosynth builds breathtaking dreamscapes and lets us navigate them. Collaboration .Collaboration - Affect/Possibility: Ken Blanchard at TEDxSanDiego 2012, Published on Dec 27, 2012 Stating that no one of us is as smart as all of us, Ken Blanchard teaches us three aspects of successful collaboration: 1. if you meet someone who wants to accomplish something, and weightism essay you want to accomplish something, the experience is meant to be dynamic; 2. rely on quality the different skills and experience people bring to the table; 3. essence and form are the two characteristics of a solid collaboration. Clay Shirky on institutions vs. collaboration - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on essay help YouTube if TED videos are blocked) In this prescient 2005 talk, Clay Shirky shows how closed groups and abhilasha mohandas university of nottingham companies will give way to looser networks where small contributors have big roles and fluid cooperation replaces rigid planning. Howard Rheingold on collaboration - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Howard Rheingold talks about the coming world of collaboration, participatory media and weightism essay collective action -- and quality not quantity essay writer how Wikipedia is really an outgrowth of our natural human instinct to weightism work as a group.

Team/Collaborative Critical Thinking Team Critical Thinking: Foundations Research Directions, briefing by Freeman and Serfaty, at 2002 conference Collaborative Critical Thinking, briefing by Freeman et al, Collaboration and Knowledge Management Workshop, 2003. Why Wikis at NASA? ( local copy ), by bookstore, Verville et al, in NASA's ASK magazine, issue 44, Fall 2011 Wikis are used across NASA for collaboration Some of the critical practices and principles for successful wikis are listed below. Wikis work best when they solve a problem that is weightism essay evident to most of a group. Northeastern 100 Most Influential 2012! Wiki use needs to replace an existing work process, not add to weightism essay work. Wikis need advocates and advertising. Seeding the wiki with valuable content helps jump-start the process; with a blank page, no one knows where to start. University Bookstore Illinois State University! Gradual growth is fine, and starting small helps a core group of users become accustomed to the wiki (think pilot study). A wiki that serves a niche need is okay; it does not need to be all things to all people.

Developing Adaptiveness Achieving Adaptability through Inquiry Based Learning ( local copy ), by Duffy and Raymer, ARI report, Apr 2010 This report presents inquiry based learning (IBL) as an weightism help, instructional strategy addressing the Army’s need for northeastern influential seniors 2012, training flexible and adaptive leaders. Distinguishing tenets of IBL are characterized in contrast to weightism the Army’s current direct instruction strategy. Elements of IBL, including characterization of the orienting problem, learner support by the instructor, and assessment of learner outcomes are outlined. Considerations for developing an IBL curriculum are addressed, and details of an example of an Army IBL course of instruction are provided. Adaptive Thinking Training For Tactical Leaders ( local copy ), by Lussier and Shadrick, ARI paper presented at the RTO HFM Symposium, Oct 2003 This paper reports a series of mohandas, research efforts embodied in the U.S. Essay! Army’s Think Like a Commander training program. The work is interesting because it seeks to train a cognitive behavior – thinking – using methods that have traditionally been applied to training more observable and measurable behaviors, e.g., marksmanship and gunnery, sports performance.

In short, it does not greatly respect a traditional distinction between such things as physical movements, perceptions, and cognitions when it comes to training, rather treats these all as behaviors that are amenable to quality essay writer the same training methods and principles. Deliberate practice techniques were applied to develop exercises to train the weightism help, task of essay, adaptive thinking in tactical situations. Developing Leaders to Adapt and Dominate for the Army of Today and Tomorrow ( local copy ), by Davis and Martin, Military Review , Sep-Oct 2012 Change in the College comes in how we accomplish our educational mission, as well as within the content of our courses. Weightism Essay! This change is an active, evolutionary educational process that drives the institution to reexamine itself on a frequent basis. The operational environment is dramatically different than in previous times. Additionally, there has been a tremendous growth in understanding of adult learning and professional education, and CGSC is leveraging this new science. We are educating a different generation of emerging leaders who bring incredible experience to the classroom to share. Our teaching methods account for this shift in eva kassens state our students’ background and experience. The most obvious difference over weightism essay help the previous 30 years is that more than 90 percent of our Army students have recent combat experience and nearly 70 percent have multiple combat tours. Based on this background, and the ever-changing operating environment that is our world, it is easy to see that change remains a constant in the process of leader development and education for the Army.

Creativity and Innovation Logic will get you from A to michigan university B. Imagination will take you everywhere. Reasonable people adapt themselves to the world. Unreasonable people attempt to adapt the world to essay themselves. All progress, therefore, depends on unreasonable people. — George Bernhard Shaw. If the parking payment, world were perfect, it wouldn’t be. A good hockey player plays where the puck is. A great hockey player plays where the puck is going to be.

Creativity is weightism essay thinking up new things. Of Michigan 2015-2016! Innovation is doing new things. The only thing harder than getting a new idea into the military is getting an old one out. Anxiety is the hand maiden of essay help, creativity. The foolish and the dead alone never change their opinions. — James Russel Lowell. As the births of living creatures, at first, are ill-shapen: so are all Innovations, which are the births of time.

He that will not apply new remedies must expect new evils; for time is the greatest innovator. In times of change, learners inherit the earth, while the learned find themselves equipped to deal with a world that no longer exists. The world owes all of its onward impulses to men ill at university ticket payment, ease. The happy man inevitably confines himself within ancient limits. I want to essay help stay as close to the edge as I can without going over. Out on the edge you see all kinds of things you can't see from the university illinois, center. — Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.

In the age of information sciences, the most valuable asset is knowledge, which is a creation of human imagination and creativity. We were among the weightism essay help, last to comprehend this truth and we will be paying for this oversight for many years to parking ticket payment come. — Mikhail Gorbachev, 1990. Innovation by weightism essay help, definition will not be accepted at first. It takes repeated attempts, endless demonstrations, monotonous rehearsals before innovation can be accepted and internalized by an organization. Illinois State University! This requires 'courageous patience'. See John Boyd and the OODA loop - especially the articles and briefings by Osinga. Eric Berlow and Sean Gourley: Mapping ideas worth spreading - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) What do 24,000 ideas look like? Ecologist Eric Berlow and physicist Sean Gourley apply algorithms to the entire archive of TEDx Talks, taking us on a stimulating visual tour to show how ideas connect globally. “Doing the weightism help, right thing” versus “Doing things right” – A Framework for Post-ORI Innovation ( local copy ), by Gillen, in Air Force Print News Today, 22 Aug 2012 Unfortunately, we're more focused today on doing things right than doing the right thing. This has become apparent as we prepare for of michigan basketball roster 2015-2016, the upcoming inspection.

Doing things right means being tactically focused on our compliance with Air Force Instructions and adherence to checklists. Doing the essay, right thing involves a more strategic perspective and a more critical analysis of activities to ensure the outcomes are meeting our intended purposes. Through a process of strategic innovation we can transition from doing things right to doing the right thing, a shift which will ultimately result in organizational efficiencies and increased job satisfaction. Keith Yamashita: The 3 Habits of Great Creative Teams, a 99 u video When the your team is faced with adversity does it stand strong and act boldly or does it crumble under pressure? Based on his work with over 1000 teams, Keith Yamashita shares his insights about great collaborative environments including: have an of miami parking ticket payment, awareness beyond your day-to-day, respect the essay help, unique talents of your team members, and parking ticket actively cultivate meaningful one-on-one relationships. “Adapt or Die” - The Imperative for a Culture of Innovation in the United States Army ( local copy ), by Fastabend and Simpson, U.S. Army Our “competitors” are living, thinking, and adaptive adversaries who mean to destroy us and the society we defend.

Our choice is quite clear: “Adapt or Die.” Failure does not mean Chapter 11 and an updated resume. Essay Help! Failure means death and destruction for ourselves, our comrades, and all that we cherish. The Creativity Conundrum ( local copy ), by university nfl, Buser - downloaded from essay help, US Naval War College, /luce.nt/ , A Journal of National Security Studies, 2012 The ability to be creative, or think creatively, has long been recognized as a core component to successful leadership at all levels of command. Especially at eva kassens, the strategic level, the ability to think creatively and adapt to weightism help changing circumstances is often the difference between life and university bookstore university death, victory and defeat. . And despite general agreement to this fact by most senior leaders, the military on the whole is essay help ill-equipped for producing leaders who are adaptable, flexible, and who can think creatively. Rather, its personnel makeup, focus on university bookstore state operations, and sheer bureaucracy all combine to create and essay reward leaders who are risk-averse, conformists, and good at maintaining the status quo. Center of Innovation (CoI), US Air Force Academy The Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate funded Center of bookstore state university, Innovation (CoI) at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) was established in weightism help 2008 and abhilasha mohandas university of nottingham has become a leader in championing game-changing innovations for the US Government (USG) by leveraging unique public-private partnerships. The CoI has become the 'sandbox' for government agencies, private industry giants, and weightism essay academia to perform collaborative research, share expertise, and shape technologies within the private sector to fit government needs DHS pamphlet talking about the CoI ( local copy ) NASA Center of Excellence for Collaborative Innovation Established in 2011, the eva kassens, CoECI serves to advance the use of open innovation methods across the federal government, in essay help particular, the use of prizes and challenge. The CoECI provides guidance to other federal agencies and NASA centers on implementing open innovation initiatives from problem definition, to incentive design, to post- submission evaluation of university illinois state university, solutions. Navy Warfare Development Command (NWDC) Navy Center for weightism essay help, Innovation (NCFI) Shaping Navy Culture: A Campaign Plan for 2025 ( local copy ), by michigan university, Tyler, NWDC White Paper, 14 Feb 2012 This white paper introduces a concept to essay help change Navy organizational culture into 100 most influential seniors 2012 an innovative, intellectually agile institution.

This paper examines current conditions, introduces an approach, identifies themes, and proposes actions to build momentum for the concept. Innovator’s Guide ( local copy, 3.8 Mb ), from the Navy Center for Innovation, Navy Warfare Development Command, 29 Aug 2012 From Navy Warfare Development Command Public Affairs: Navy Warfare Development Command (NWDC) has published The Innovator's Guide, Aug. 29, to weightism essay help innovators of all ages - but particularly the Navy's junior leaders - become more innovative and illinois state facilitate the essay, transformation of good ideas into eva kassens real warfighting capabilities. As the Navy Center for Innovation, NWDC is spearheading a campaign to reinvigorate a culture of innovation within the Navy, and the guide is an important component of that endeavor. In addition to defining innovation and why it is important, the guide provides advice on how to identify and define problems that need solving, proven techniques for finding creative solutions, and how to move these ideas through a large organization to drive towards implementation. Junior leaders are often uniquely positioned to recognize emerging problems, and employ new technologies to weightism essay solve them. It's up to us to give them the university of michigan roster, tools and the open channels to be successful, said Rear Adm. Terry B. Kraft, commander, NWDC. In his introduction, Kraft challenges the junior leaders to think deeply, question continuously, debate vigorously, read broadly, write boldly and weightism essay help never give up on university ticket a good idea. To download The Innovator's Guide, visit https://www.nwdc.navy.mil/default.aspx.

Videos and transcripts from NWDC's Maritime Innovation Symposium and Junior Leader Innovation Symposium are also available at the website. If file size is an issue, Innovator’s Guide - Final Draft ( local copy, 321 Kb ), from the weightism, Navy Center for Innovation, Navy Warfare Development Command, 4 June 2012. Will It Work Here? A Decisionmaker’s Guide to Adopting Innovations ( local copy ), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Sep 2008 medical focus, but contains many questions every organization should ask about adoption of university bookstore university, potential innovations. Military Innovation in the Rise and essay help Fall of Great Powers: Lessons for michigan, America ( local copy ), by Taylor, NPS thesis, June 2011 A military‘s ability to adapt its organization, doctrine, and technology strategy to meet the threats of its time influences the state‘s capacity to maintain great power status. This thesis uses a historical overview of military innovation among great powers throughout history to draw lessons for the U.S. military today. . Finally, and weightism essay help most importantly, this study finds it essential to not quantity essay writer foster a climate and institutional culture receptive to weightism help innovation. A true meritocracy would allow leaders to promote the most promising soldiers and officers despite their inability to meet any time-in-service requirements.

The year-group promotion system codifies a rigid bureaucratic structure that ensures slow change and little innovation. How PowerPoint Stifles Understanding, Creativity, and Innovation Within Your Organization, by Zweibelson, in Small Wars Journal , 4 Sep 2012 - includes eight recommendations at the end, to restore the briefer as a critical thinker PowerPoint provides a useful vehicle for sharing and northeastern university 100 most developing concepts among military professionals in a variety of venues. Unfortunately, the U.S. military tends to lose track of the supportive context for PowerPoint and instead shackles organizations to institutional processes and rigid ‘group-think.’ We tend to burden our military professionals with an exhausting and high-maintenance requirement to churn out repetitive and non-explanatory slide decks for nearly every conceivable information requirement. Rarely do we conduct a meeting without the ever-present bright projection of PowerPoint upon a screen. When you attend a briefing and the majority of slides and essay help material attempt to reduce, measure, categorize, or describe something, we are often merely admiring the university basketball 2015-2016, problem.

Instead of weightism essay, thinking about why something is occurring, we are usually required to answer precise information that satisfies a descriptive (WHAT-centric) procedure instead of a critical line of inquiry. Many military professionals refer to this as “feeding the beast” in PowerPoint-centric organizations, where we openly acknowledge that our own hierarchy often demands volumes of often meaningless or irrelevant information for illusionary pretexts. If descriptive thinking blinds your organization to critical and creative thinking, then PowerPoint is the drug of choice for continuing the reductionist and highly tacticized mentality across an organization that fears uncertainty. Additionally, a recent trend of cramming four slides onto one “quad chart” slide is another work-around that compresses a larger slide show into fewer yet more cluttered slides and basketball roster supports the weightism essay, ‘quantity over quality’ tension. This recent staff technique defeats the purpose of mohandas university, a quadrant chart that uses two separate tensions in an overlapping geometric structure to demonstrate patterns and weightism essay explore complex relationships. ‘Quad charts’ are not interrelated if you apply one simple test. By removing one quadrant of a true ‘quad chart’, you will render the entire slide incomplete. Each quadrant in a quad chart should systemically relate to the other quadrants in terms of context. If you are only removing one component while the three remaining quadrants maintain their coherence, your staff has merely shoved ten pounds of dirt into a five pound bag for you, by eva kassens michigan state university, condensing four slides into weightism one. This reduces total slide numbers, but does little to improve organizational learning. Many military organizations use ‘read-ahead’ packets that provide an roster, advanced copy of the PowerPoint briefing slides in advance of the briefing. In theory, this implies an weightism help, alternate route for information sharing that, when combined with a briefing, could function in tandem.

In practice, this requires two commitments that are rarely met. First, all attendees must endeavor to actually read the ‘read-ahead’ packet. This prepares an audience to enter a briefing cognizant of the topics, context, and prepared to offer relevant discourse to drive emergent thought. Secondly, the briefer must resist using any slides in the ‘read-ahead’ except for ancillary or expository reasons during the bookstore illinois, brief. Simply following the exact slide format as the ‘read-ahead’ drags those that invested time to read it earlier back through redundant information, and reward those that came to the meeting unprepared. Innovating the weightism essay help, Future: From Ideas to Adoption, by Denning, in The Futurist , Jan-Feb 2012 - Futurists and innovators can teach each other lessons to help their ideas succeed. - discusses the items below and more Three most common methods used by futurists Revelation of current realities Extrapolation of trends Scenarios Eight innovation practices Sensing Envisioning Offering Adopting Sustaining Executing Leading Embodying. NASA's ASK magazine The Innovation Paradox ( local copy ), by Hoffman, in NASA's ASK magazine, issue 41, Winter 2011 - Sometimes organizational 'support' kills good new ideas. State University! Many organizations live and die by good new ideas. The challenge they face is to cultivate good ideas by weightism essay, giving innovators just the influential seniors nfl, right blend of freedom and support. One simple approach that is weightism essay not taken often enough is to let the university bookstore illinois university, innovators themselves decide how the weightism essay, organization can help them develop their ideas. A manager asking, “What do you need from not quantity essay, me?” has a good chance of finding the sweet spot between no support (“Do what you want as long as I don’t know about it”) and idea-killing interference.

Expecting the Unexpected ( local copy ), by weightism essay, Frasqueri-Molina, in NASA's ASK magazine, issue 43, Summer 2011 - creating a mitigation plan to deal with unexpected risks The author developed a risk-mitigation plan to reestablish order from chaos. University Illinois State University! Remain calm. Halt the entire project or just the affected work momentarily and let everyone take a break. Immediately gather the weightism, resolution team, which consists of the project manager and any of the people who can offer solutions; meet privately. Assess risk impact. Brainstorm solutions. Of Michigan Roster 2015-2016! Choose a solution. Obtain project sponsor approval. Communicate the solution to the entire team, resume project, resolve risk. Why Wikis at weightism essay help, NASA? ( local copy ), by Verville et al, in NASA's ASK magazine, issue 44, Fall 2011 Wikis are used across NASA for collaboration Some of the critical practices and principles for successful wikis are listed below.

Wikis work best when they solve a problem that is evident to most of a group. Wiki use needs to replace an existing work process, not add to work. University 2015-2016! Wikis need advocates and advertising. Seeding the wiki with valuable content helps jump-start the process; with a blank page, no one knows where to start. Gradual growth is fine, and weightism help starting small helps a core group of university, users become accustomed to the wiki (think pilot study). Weightism Essay! A wiki that serves a niche need is northeastern 100 most influential 2012 okay; it does not need to be all things to help all people. Innovation Versus Adaptability: Seizing the Initiative Through Creative Thinking Versus Reacting to the Enemy ( local copy ), by Grothe, SAMS paper, 2009 Leadership must be committed to learning, underwrite experimentation, and create an environment that generates creative thought and innovation. Doctrine must incorporate more aspects of innovation, creative and critical thinking and innovative leadership.

The Army’s training constructs produce adaptive leaders, but must start to assess innovation as well, in order to ticket payment generate this within the force as well. The most critical area the Army must focus change in is within Professional Military Education for field grade officers. Understanding Innovation ( local copy ), by essay, Williams, in Military Review , Jul-Aug 2009 Field Manual 1-0, The Army, states that “Army leaders are continuing to foster creative thinking.” They are “challenging inflexible ways of thinking, removing impediments to institutional innovation, and underwriting the quality not quantity essay, risks associated with bold change.” Perhaps this statement is true, but given the essay help, contemporary use of the word “innovation,” it is also meaningless. Claiming to be innovative carries about 100 most seniors 2012 nfl as much weight as declaring a love for puppies; it’s easy to weightism essay say and unpopular to state challenge. When words represent some indistinct idea, they are susceptible to reinvention or distortion with potentially significant unintended consequences. Innovation Starvation, by Stephenson, in World Policy Journal , Fall 2011 Still, I worry that our inability to match the weightism help, achievements of the 1960s space program might be symptomatic of a general failure of our society to university of michigan basketball roster get big things done. Innovation can’t happen without accepting the risk that it might fail. The vast and weightism help radical innovations of the mid-20th century took place in a world that, in retrospect, looks insanely dangerous and unstable. Today’s belief in ineluctable certainty is the true innovation-killer of our age.

In this environment, the best an audacious manager can do is to develop small improvements to existing systems—climbing the hill, as it were, toward a local maximum, trimming fat, eking out the occasional tiny innovation—like city planners painting bicycle lanes on the streets as a gesture toward solving our energy problems. Any strategy that involves crossing a valley—accepting short-term losses to reach a higher hill in the distance—will soon be brought to a halt by the demands of a system that celebrates short-term gains and tolerates stagnation, but condemns anything else as failure. In short, a world where big stuff can never get done. How We Think: Thinking Critically and Creatively and How Military Professionals Can Do it Better, by McConnell et al, in Small Wars Journal , 16 Sep 2011 This essay will summarize how cognitive theorists have described critical and creative thinking in general, and how some military practitioners have applied them. In doing so, this essay will propose principles of critical and creative thinking applicable to the military profession to provide a common vocabulary that describes the type of thinking we do. To expand and improve critical and creative thinking, military professionals need a common vocabulary that accurately describes the very thinking we are to expand and improve on. Sir Ken Robinson Sir Ken Robinson: Do schools kill creativity?, a TED.com video, 2006 - EXCELLENT 20 minutes Sir Ken Robinson makes an entertaining and profoundly moving case for creating an education system that nurtures (rather than undermines) creativity.

Changing Education Paradigms, video animation of Sir Ken Robinson's key concepts over abhilasha time - EXCELLENT 12 minutes Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution!, a TED.com video, 2010 follow-up to the 2006 talk - EXCELLENT 20 minutes In this poignant, funny follow-up to his fabled 2006 talk, Sir Ken Robinson makes the essay help, case for a radical shift from standardized schools to personalized learning -- creating conditions where kids' natural talents can flourish. Eva Kassens! Sir Ken Robinson: How to escape education's death valley , a TED.com video, 2013, from the help, TED TV special on education Sir Ken Robinson outlines 3 principles crucial for the human mind to flourish -- and how current education culture works against them. In a funny, stirring talk he tells us how to university basketball 2015-2016 get out help, of the educational death valley we now face, and how to nurture our youngest generations with a climate of not quantity writer, possibility. There are three principles on which human life flourishes, and they are contradicted by weightism essay help, the culture of education under which most teachers have to labor and most students have to endure. The first is this, that human beings are naturally different and diverse. Education under No Child Left Behind is based on university bookstore illinois state not diversity but conformity. What schools are encouraged to essay help do is to ticket payment find out what kids can do across a very narrow spectrum of achievement. Weightism! The second principle that drives human life flourishing is curiosity. Abhilasha Of Nottingham! So in place of curiosity, what we have is a culture of compliance. Our children and teachers are encouraged to follow routine algorithms rather than to essay excite that power of imagination and curiosity. And the essay writer, third principle is weightism essay help this: that human life is inherently creative.

We all create our own lives through this restless process of imagining alternatives and possibilities, and what one of the roles of education is to northeastern 100 most seniors 2012 nfl awaken and develop these powers of creativity. Instead, what we have is a culture of standardization. Seth Godin Seth Godin: Quieting the Lizard Brain, a 99 u video Bestselling author and entrepreneur Seth Godin outlines a common creative affliction: sabotaging our projects just before we show them to the world. Godin targets our lizard brain as the source of weightism essay, these primal doubts, and implores us to thrash at the beginning of projects so that we can ship on university parking payment time and on weightism essay help budget. he states that everyone is creative; the mohandas university of nottingham, important thing is to essay ship (your product, i.e., do something with your idea) Seth Godin: How to get your ideas to spread - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) In a world of too many options and too little time, our obvious choice is to just ignore the quality essay, ordinary stuff. Marketing guru Seth Godin spells out weightism essay, why, when it comes to university 2012 nfl getting our attention, bad or bizarre ideas are more successful than boring ones other TED.com videos - most are 6-15 minutes Matt Ridley: When ideas have sex - a TED talk (you may need to weightism essay watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) At TEDGlobal 2010, author Matt Ridley shows how, throughout history, the northeastern seniors 2012, engine of human progress has been the meeting and mating of ideas to make new ideas. It's not important how clever individuals are, he says; what really matters is how smart the weightism essay, collective brain is.

Matt Ridley argues that, through history, the engine of university illinois state university, human progress and prosperity has been, and is, ideas having sex with each other. Essay! Erik Brynjolfsson: The key to growth? Race with the machines - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) As machines take on university of michigan roster more jobs, many find themselves out of work or with raises indefinitely postponed. Is this the help, end of growth? No, says Erik Brynjolfsson -- it’s simply the growing pains of a radically reorganized economy.

A riveting case for why big innovations are ahead of us … if we think of computers as our teammates. Be sure to university 100 most seniors 2012 watch the opposing viewpoint from weightism help, Robert Gordon. Influential 2012! Robert Gordon: The death of innovation, the end of growth - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) The US economy has been expanding wildly for essay, two centuries. Are we witnessing the end of growth? Economist Robert Gordon lays out 4 reasons US growth may be slowing, detailing factors like epidemic debt and growing inequality, which could move the US into a period of northeastern university influential seniors 2012, stasis we can't innovate our way out of. Be sure to watch the opposing viewpoint from Erik Brynjolfsson. Elizabeth Gilbert: Your elusive creative genius - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Elizabeth Gilbert muses on the impossible things we expect from artists and geniuses -- and essay help shares the university bookstore illinois university, radical idea that, instead of the rare person being a genius, all of us have a genius.

It's a funny, personal and surprisingly moving talk. TEDxBerkeley - Carl Bass - The New Rules of Innovation has five trends he believes are driving innovation David Kelley: How to build your creative confidence - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Is your school or workplace divided into creatives versus practical people? Yet surely, David Kelley suggests, creativity is weightism essay help not the domain of only a chosen few. Telling stories from his legendary design career and quality his own life, he offers ways to build the confidence to create. Essay Help! (From The Design Studio session at writer, TED2012, guest-curated by Chee Pearlman and David Rockwell.) Adam Savage: How simple ideas lead to scientific discoveries - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Adam Savage walks through two spectacular examples of profound scientific discoveries that came from simple, creative methods anyone could have followed -- Eratosthenes' calculation of the Earth's circumference around 200 BC and Hippolyte Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in 1849. Regina Dugan: From mach-20 glider to humming bird drone - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on help YouTube if TED videos are blocked) What would you attempt to do if you knew you could not fail? asks Regina Dugan, then director of DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.

In this breathtaking talk she describes some of the extraordinary projects -- a robotic hummingbird, a prosthetic arm controlled by thought, and, well, the internet -- that her agency has created by not worrying that they might fail. Steven Johnson: Where good ideas come from - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) People often credit their ideas to individual Eureka! moments. But Steven Johnson shows how history tells a different story. His fascinating tour takes us from the liquid networks of London's coffee houses to influential nfl Charles Darwin's long, slow hunch to today's high-velocity web. - he finishes with chance favors the connected mind Bart Knols: Cheese, dogs, and pills to end malaria - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) We can use a mosquito's own instincts against essay help her. At TEDxMaastricht speaker Bart Knols demos the imaginative solutions his team is developing to fight malaria -- including limburger cheese and a deadly pill.

Edward Tenner: Unintended consequences - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Every new invention changes the world -- in ways both intentional and mohandas university unexpected. Historian Edward Tenner tells stories that illustrate the under-appreciated gap between our ability to innovate and our ability to weightism help foresee the writer, consequences. Essay! Charles Leadbeater: The era of eva kassens university, open innovation - a TED talk (you may need to essay watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) In this deceptively casual talk, Charles Leadbeater weaves a tight argument that innovation isn't just for of michigan 2015-2016, professionals anymore. Help! Passionate amateurs, using new tools, are creating products and paradigms that companies can't. A researcher at of michigan basketball 2015-2016, the London think tank Demos, Charles Leadbeater was early to notice the rise of amateur innovation -- great ideas from outside the traditional walls, from people who suddenly have the essay help, tools to collaborate, innovate and university 100 most influential seniors 2012 make their expertise known. Clay Shirky on institutions vs. collaboration - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) In this prescient 2005 talk, Clay Shirky shows how closed groups and help companies will give way to looser networks where small contributors have big roles and fluid cooperation replaces rigid planning. Howard Rheingold on collaboration - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Howard Rheingold talks about the coming world of collaboration, participatory media and collective action -- and how Wikipedia is eva kassens michigan university really an outgrowth of our natural human instinct to work as a group. Weightism! Sunni Brown: Doodlers, unite! - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Studies show that sketching and doodling improve our comprehension -- and our creative thinking. So why do we still feel embarrassed when we're caught doodling in a meeting? Sunni Brown says: Doodlers, unite!

She makes the case for michigan state university, unlocking your brain via pad and pen. Jonah Lehrer: The Science of weightism essay, Insight Creation, 40 min. video from Jonah Lehrer - contributing editor of northeastern 100 most influential nfl, Wired and author of How We Decide Science is weightism essay help getting harder. Finding notable, new facts is getting harder. So how can we increase our capacity for breakthroughs and insights? What can new disciplines like neuroscience teach us about the abhilasha university of nottingham, innovation process? Jonah Lehrer explores creativity from a scientific perspective and discusses questions such as why we have our best ideas in the shower. talks about the feeling of knowing such as the tip of the tongue phenomenon talks about why brainstorming doesn't work - cites studies showing that allowing criticism leads to 7 times the number of useful ideas 24 hours later after folks have had time to think on their own outside the group we can all imagine more, if only we know how. 21st Century Enlightenment, RSAnimate talk by Matthew Taylor - how the idea of a new enlightenment can help us meet the weightism essay, challenges we now face. Creativity Techniques - short descriptions of eva kassens, a whole passel of techniques. Roots of Innovation ( local copy, 2.7 Mb ), eJournal USA , State Department, Nov 2009 ( lower resolution, 800 Kb ) what is it? which cultures foster it? the global geography of weightism help, innovation how do complementary skills help? secrets of collaboration 2009 innovation index by country ranking.

Predicting Military Innovation, by Isaacson et al, RAND, 1999 Although military technology is university influential seniors nfl increasingly available and affordable, not all states have the capacity to essay help improve military effectiveness by acquiring hardware. Integrative difficulties — in command structures, doctrine and tactics, training, and of miami parking support — are common in the developing world, and many states will have to weightism help find some level of innovation to overcome such difficulties if they are to use military technologies effectively. Northeastern 100 Most Influential Seniors 2012 Nfl! This annotated briefing documents a research effort aimed at essay help, understanding and predicting how militaries may improve their battlefield effectiveness. Parking Payment! The briefing first analyzes military innovation conceptually and then formulates a framework for predicting the likelihood of weightism help, innovative success. The research synthesizes a broad literature on innovation and provides a useful tool for basketball roster 2015-2016, assessing future military developments.

Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California The mission of the weightism, Brain and Creativity Institute is to gather new knowledge about the quality not quantity essay, human emotions, decision-making, memory, and communication, from a neurological perspective, and to apply this knowledge to weightism essay the solution of problems in the biomedical and writer sociocultural arenas. From Stone to Silicon: A Brief Survey of Innovation, by Husick, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Oct 2008 - top 25 innovations of all time. Toward More Innovative Program Management ( local copy ), by essay, Perino, in Defense Acquisition Review Journal, Feb-Mar 2005 - results of research into the science and psychology of innovation - using MBTI and FourSight assessment tools - includes formula for MBTI Creativity Index. Stimulating Innovation ( local copy ), by Kostoff, Office of Naval Research Science and illinois state Technology Innovation ( local copy ), by Kostoff, Office of Naval Research - compares literature-based and weightism essay help workshop-based approaches for stimulating innovation. Communication, Management Benchmark Study ( local copy ), Dept of Energy -- includes chapters on networking, alliances, organizational culture, and innovation Innovation, especially organizational, short chapter, covers a lot Creativity, how to university of michigan 2015-2016 cultivate, short chapter, covers a lot.

Creativity Web, resources for creativity and innovation 10 Kick Starts to Your Creativity Creativity Basics. Beyond Productivity: Information Technology, Innovation, and Creativity, National Academies Press, 2003 - addresses issues such as what makes people creative and how creative people work Leadership That Gets Results, by weightism essay, Daniel Goleman, in Harvard Business Review , - describes six leadership styles: Coercive, Authoritative, Affiliative, Democratic, Pacesetting and Coaching. - Should emotional intelligence play a role in northeastern university 100 most influential 2012 nfl the workplace? -- some questions to stimulate discussion Emotional Intelligence Resource List ( local copy ) EQ.org directory of internet Emotional Intelligence sites. EQ Emotional Intelligence tests online - mixed quality, try several and glean tidbits from the narratives. Jonah Lehrer: The Science of Insight Creation, 40 min. Weightism Essay Help! video from Jonah Lehrer - contributing editor of Wired and author of not quantity writer, How We Decide Science is getting harder. Finding notable, new facts is getting harder. So how can we increase our capacity for breakthroughs and insights? What can new disciplines like neuroscience teach us about the essay, innovation process? Jonah Lehrer explores creativity from a scientific perspective and abhilasha mohandas university discusses questions such as why we have our best ideas in the shower. Essay Help! talks about the eva kassens michigan state, feeling of knowing such as the weightism help, tip of the tongue phenomenon talks about why brainstorming doesn't work - cites studies showing that allowing criticism leads to 7 times the number of useful ideas 24 hours later after folks have had time to think on their own outside the group we can all imagine more, if only university illinois, we know how. The Idea Center, with IdeaFisher software, commercial brainstorming tool, with modules for strategic planning, speeches/presentations, conflict resolution, and creative writing Memory Skills Joshua Foer: Feats of memory anyone can do - a TED talk (you may need to essay watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) There are people who can quickly memorize lists of thousands of numbers, the order of all the cards in a deck (or ten!), and much more.

Science writer Joshua Foer describes the technique -- called the of miami, memory palace -- and shows off its most remarkable feature: anyone can learn how to use it, including him. Changing Minds in the Army: Why It’s So Difficult and What To Do About It ( local copy ), by Gerras and Wong, U.S. Army War College, June 2013 The following pages discuss why it is so hard for Army senior leaders to change their minds. We do this by first introducing the concept of frames of reference and then discuss how neuroscience sheds some light on essay why changing one’s mind is not so easy. We then examine the role of organizational variables on this process. Finally, we propose how strategic leaders might apply this knowledge to enhance the likelihood that as the 2015-2016, environment evolves, they are able to essay help actually change their minds. In large hierarchical organizations such as the quality not quantity essay writer, Army, consistency of essay help, thought is the seniors 2012 nfl, norm, and not the exception. No leader wants to appear as vacillating or be accused of hemming and hawing on key issues. Yet history abounds with negative examples of leaders failing to weightism essay change their minds despite new evidence or fresh information. Thinking in a Foreign Language Makes Decisions More Rational, by quality, Keim, in Wired online journal, Apr 2012 A series of experiments on more than 300 people from the U.S. and Korea found that thinking in a second language reduced deep-seated, misleading biases that unduly influence how risks and benefits are perceived. The researchers believe a second language provides a useful cognitive distance from automatic processes, promoting analytical thought and reducing unthinking, emotional reaction.

Deadly Mind Traps, by Wise, Psychology Today , Jan 2012 Simple cognitive errors can have disastrous consequences—unless you know how to watch out for them. [The article has specific examples of each of the errors below.] Redlining. Anytime we plan a mission that requires us to set a safety parameter, there's a risk that in essay help the heat of the moment we'll be tempted to university of miami parking overstep it. Essay Help! The Domino Effect. In stressful situations, you see a failure in the working memory, which is involved in inhibiting impulses, says Sian Beilock, a psychology professor at the University of Chicago. People lose the ability to think about the long-term consequences of their actions. University Of Nottingham! Situational Blindness. Weightism Essay Help! Full situational awareness requires incorporating outside information into a model of your environment, and using that model to predict how the situation might change. If all you're doing is state university following the line of the essay help, GPS, and it turns out to eva kassens university be wrong, you'll be completely clueless about essay what to do next. Double or Nothing.

Daniel Kahneman and northeastern 100 most influential Amos Tversky first pointed out back in 1979, we tend to weightism essay help avoid risk when contemplating potential gains but seek risk to avoid losses. For instance, if you offer people a choice between a certain loss of illinois, $1,000 and a 50-50 chance of losing $2,500, the majority will opt for the riskier option, to avoid a definite financial hit. Bending the Map. Such errors of weightism help, overconfidence are due to a phenomenon psychologists call confirmation bias . When trying to quality not quantity solve a problem or troubleshoot a problem, we get fixated on a specific option or hypothesis, explains Kring, and ignore contradictory evidence and other information that could help us make a better decision. Heuristics and Biases in Military Decision Making ( local copy ), by Williams, in Military Review , Sep-Oct 2010 Fortunately, some have come to weightism help see the shortcomings of the classical MDMP process. It is illsuited for the analysis of problems exhibiting high volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. Of Miami Parking Ticket! When combining hindsight bias and retrievability biases, we potentially fail to guard against an event popularized euphemistically as a black swan . Instead of the usual striving toward a “best practices” methodology, which is also full of potential heuristic biases, reflective practice calls for “valuing the processes that challenge assimilative knowledge (i.e. continuous truth seeking) and by embracing the inevitable conflict associated with truth seeking.” Ben Goldacre: Battling bad science, a talk from TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) Every day there are news reports of new health advice, but how can you know if they're right? Doctor and epidemiologist Ben Goldacre shows us, at high speed, the ways evidence can be distorted, from the blindingly obvious nutrition claims to the very subtle tricks of the pharmaceutical industry. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to help Improved Intelligence Analysis ( local copy ), by quality not quantity essay writer, Cooper, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, Dec 2005 The Analytic Pathologies framework yields four insights that are crucial both to accurate diagnosis and to developing effective remedies.

First, the framework enables analysts to identify individual analytic impediments and determine their sources. Second, it prompts analysts to help detect the systemic pathologies that result from closely-coupled networks and to find the linkages among the university bookstore illinois university, individual impediments. Third, it demonstrates that each of weightism, these networks, and payment thus each systemic pathology, usually spans multiple levels within the hierarchy of the Intelligence Community. Fourth, the framework highlights the need to treat both the systemic pathologies and the individual impediments by focusing effective remedial measures on the right target and at the appropriate level. -- very good examination of many elements of help, critical thinking, with examples ( PDF version ) Check out Part III - Cognitive Biases.

Countering Terrorism: Integration of university of michigan basketball, Practice and weightism essay Theory ( local copy ), overview of conference at FBI Academy, Feb 2002 from Appendix 8: Psychology of Bias These investigators found that there is a general bias, based on university bookstore state university both innate predispositions and experience, in animals and humans, to help give greater weight to negative events or attributes . This is evident in four ways: (a) negative potency (negative entities are stronger than the equivalent positive entities), (b) steeper negative gradients (the negativity of negative events grows more rapidly with approach to them in university parking ticket space or time than does the positivity of help, positive events), (c) negativity dominance (combinations of eva kassens michigan university, negative and positive entities yield evaluations that are more negative than the algebraic sum of individual subjective evaluations would predict), and. (d) negative differentiation (negative entities are more varied, yield more complex conceptual representations, and engage a wider response repertoire). The authors review this taxonomy, with emphasis on essay help negativity dominance, including literary, historical, religious, and cultural sources, as well as the psychological literatures on quality not quantity essay writer learning, attention, impression formation, contagion, moral judgment, development, and memory. Help! They suggest that one feature of university bookstore illinois, negative events that make them dominant is that negative entities are more “contagious” than positive entities. Tali Sharot: The optimism bias - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Are we born to help be optimistic, rather than realistic?

Tali Sharot shares new research that suggests our brains are wired to look on the bright side -- and how that can be both dangerous and beneficial. Daniel Kahneman: The riddle of abhilasha of nottingham, experience vs. memory - a TED talk (you may need to weightism watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Using examples from vacations to colonoscopies, Nobel laureate and founder of behavioral economics Daniel Kahneman reveals how our experiencing selves and essay our remembering selves perceive happiness differently. This new insight has profound implications for economics, public policy -- and help our own self-awareness. Widely regarded as the world's most influential living psychologist, Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel in Economics for his pioneering work in behavioral economics -- exploring the irrational ways we make decisions about quality not quantity essay writer risk. Sensemaking David Moore Sensemaking: A Structure for an Intelligence Revolution ( local copy ), by Moore, National Defense Intelligence College (NDIC), March 2011 Mindfulness, wicked problems, paradigm shifts, intuitive thinking, validation, intelligence rigor, limitations, and more Sensemaking, whereby intelligence professionals would work with executive decisionmakers to explain data that are “sparse, noisy, and essay uncertain,” requires an interpreter and experienced champion to bring about a practicable understanding and acceptance of the concept among intelligence practitioners. David Moore has accomplished that feat. Further, he, along with collaborators in chapters 5 and 7, demonstrate how sensemaking can be accomplished as a collaborative enterprise.

Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis ( local copy, 1.4 Mb low res ), by Moore, National Defense Intelligence College (NDIC) occasional paper no. 14, March 2007 ( local copy, 12.1 Mb high res ) - includes generic and intel-specific discussion, as well as an appendix which is the NSA's Critical Thinking and university of michigan roster 2015-2016 Structured Analysis Class Syllabus NSA's Critical Thinking and Structured Analysis Class Syllabus - incudes plans for 10 classes, as well as a template for help, summarizing articles/readings. Failure Being Wrong - Why They Work This was the pivotal insight of the illinois state, Scientific Revolution: that the advancement of knowledge depends on weightism help current theories collapsing in the face of parking payment, new insights and discoveries. Help! In this model of progress, errors do not lead us away from the truth. Instead, they edge us incrementally toward it. — Kathryn Schulz, in Being Wrong: Adventures in the Margin of Error. Leaders can let you fail and yet not let you be a failure. --- General Stanley McChrystal.

Science is always wrong. It never solves a problem without creating 10 more. --- George Bernard Shaw. Only those who will risk going too far can possibly find out how far one can go. The chief trick to making good mistakes is basketball roster 2015-2016 not to essay help hide them — especially not from yourself. Instead of turning away in denial when you make a mistake, you should become a connoisseur of your own mistakes, turning them over in not quantity your mind as if they were works of art, which in weightism help a way they are. Parking Ticket Payment! … The trick is to take advantage of the particular details of the essay help, mess you’ve made, so that your next attempt will be informed by it and not just another blind stab in the dark. — Daniel Dennett, in michigan state Intuition Pumps and weightism Other Tools for quality essay, Thinking.

Kathryn Schulz: On being wrong - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Most of us will do anything to avoid being wrong. But what if we're wrong about that? Wrongologist Kathryn Schulz makes a compelling case for not just admitting but embracing our fallibility. Tim Harford: Trial, error and essay the God complex - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Economics writer Tim Harford studies complex systems -- and writer finds a surprising link among the successful ones: they were built through trial and weightism error. Michigan State University! In this sparkling talk from TEDGlobal 2011, he asks us to embrace our randomness and start making better mistakes. Adapt: Why success always starts with failure, video by Tim Harford (book by the same title is on the Air Force Chief of Staff's 2012 Reading List) Tim's Principles of Failure: #1 - Be willing to fail . a lot.

#2 - Fail on a survivable scale. Eddie Obeng: Smart failure for a fast-changing world - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) The world is weightism changing much more rapidly than most people realize, says business educator Eddie Obeng -- and creative output cannot keep up. In this spirited talk, he highlights three important changes we should understand for better productivity, and university illinois state calls for a stronger culture of essay help, “smart failure. Seth Godin on Failing Until You Succeed, video of an interview for entrepreneur.com taking risks, challenging status quo, starting a business. Ignorance - a valuable resource Thoroughly conscious ignorance is the prelude to every real advance in science. --- James Clerk Maxwell. In an honest search for knowledge, you quite often have to abide by ignorance for an indefinite period. Stuart Firestein: The pursuit of ignorance - a TED talk (you may need to state university watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) What does real scientific work look like? As neuroscientist Stuart Firestein jokes: It looks a lot less like the scientific method and a lot more like farting around . in the dark.

In this witty talk, Firestein gets to essay the heart of science as it is eva kassens really practiced and essay suggests that we should value what we don't know -- or high-quality ignorance -- just as much as what we know. Red Teams, Red Teaming, Red Team Thinking. University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies (UFMCS) The University of Foreign Military and Cultural Studies (UFMCS) at Fort Leavenworth is an mohandas university of nottingham, Army-directed education, research, and training initiative for Army organizations, joint organizations, and other government agencies. Weightism Essay Help! Red Teaming is a structured, iterative process, executed by highly trained, educated, and practiced team members that provides commanders an independent capability to fully explore alternatives to plans, operations, concepts, organizations, and capabilities in the context of the operational environment and from our partners’ and adversaries’ perspectives. UFMCS educates Red Team Leaders, Members, and Practitioners; researches best practices for Red Teaming tactics, techniques, and procedures; and develops a reach-back capability to provide commanders and staffs alternative perspectives. Graduates of Leader and eva kassens michigan Member courses receive an additional skill identifier (ASI). UFMCS The Applied Critical Thinking Handbook (formerly the weightism, Red Team Handbook), v. 8.1, Sep 2016 ( local copy ) We educate people to develop a disposition of curiosity, and michigan state help them become aware of weightism essay, biases and behavior that prevent them from real positive change in the ways they seek solutions and engage others. UFMCS Liberating Structures Handbook ( local copy ) Liberating structures are frameworks that make it possible for people and organizations to create, to do new things, to be innovative. These are processes or rules that can be put in place to of miami ticket payment encourage people to be free, creative, and get results, rather than find themselves oppressed, constrained, confined, or powerless. For things to really change, structural elements need to change, too.

Otherwise change is short-lived. Liberating structures are the forms that make it easy for people to be generative together and make a significant impact with their creativity. UFMCS Group Think Mitigation Guide ( local copy ) Our education involves more than Socratic discussion and essay help brainstorming. We borrow techniques, methods, frameworks, and best practices from several sources and disciplines to create an education and practical application method that we find to illinois university be the weightism, best safeguard against individual and organizational tendencies toward biases, errors in cognition, and groupthink. Mohandas University Of Nottingham! UFMCS The Applied Critical Thinking Handbook (formerly the Red Team Handbook), v. 7.0, Jan 2015 ( local copy ) Our methods and education involve more than Socratic discussion and brainstorming. We believe that good decision processes are essential to weightism essay help good outcomes. To that end, our curriculum is rich in divergent processes, red teaming tools, and liberating structures, all aimed at bookstore illinois state, decision support. UFMCS Red Team Handbook, Apr 2012 ( local copy ) Much of the essay, material directly applies to critical thinking and becoming better at it. Each section can almost stand alone, and Section XI – Structured Analytic Techniques – has a large variety of tools/techniques for overcoming “mind-sets” – including “9 Step Cultural Methodology” and university 100 most seniors 2012 “String of weightism, Pearls” tool and “Analysis of Competing Hypotheses” and a passel of others. Seeing Red: Creating a Red-Team Capability for the Blue Force ( local copy ), by Fontenot, Military Review , Sep-Oct 2005 - includes list of Red Team best practices, and a list of why Red Teams sometimes fail. Critical Thinking You want to have a mind that’s open enough to accept radical new ideas, but not so open that your brains fall out.

— Michael Shermer, editor of parking ticket, Skeptic Magazine. Minds are like parachutes. They only function when they are open. Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand. Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted. Trying to get people to reason in a way that is weightism not natural for them. is like trying to university teach a pig to sing. You don't accomplish anything and you annoy the weightism essay, pig. — E. Jeffrey Conklin William Weil.

Men believe what they prefer. If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in university parking payment doubts. But if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in weightism essay certainties. My story is proud. The entry of truth with chalk to mark those minds which are capable to lodge and harbour it. For myself, I found that I was fitted for nothing so well as for university influential 2012, the study of truth; as having a Mind nimble and versatile enough to catch the Resemblances of Things (which is the essay, chief point) and at the same time steady enough to mohandas fix and distinguish their Subtler Differences; as being gifted by Nature with Desire to seek, patience to Doubt, fondness to Meditate, slowness to assert, readiness to consider, carefulness to dispose and set in order; and as being a man that neither affects what is new nor admires what is old, and that hates every kind of help, Imposture. So I thought my Nature had a kind of familiarity and Relationship with Truth. — Francis Bacon, On the Interpretation of Nature , 1603. See red team thinking , especially the UFMCS Red Team Handbook.

Improve Your Critical Thinking, resources at Coping.us - includes summaries/lists of many methods and theories Overview of Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Model of Problem Solving Watch out for Common Fallacies Online Resources for Improving Critical Thinking. A Way to Teach Critical Thinking Skills so Learners Will Continue Using Them in Operations ( local copy ), by Griffin and McClary, in Military Review , Nov-Dec 2015 However, despite both instructors and students enjoying the critical thinking classes, many graduates were failing to think critically where it mattered most—on the michigan state, job. The first key is to help establish an effective talent management program at the earliest possible opportunity, preferably from the start. Until an organization gets talent management right, with a high degree of person-job and person-organization fit, it will have very limited success with its other functions. The second key to teaching critical thinking skills is to ensure the organizational climate values critical and innovative thinking. Building upon, and made possible by, a talent management program, an organization demonstrates its commitment to these values by expecting and northeastern university 100 most seniors 2012 nfl rewarding critical thinking and weightism essay help innovation. Two Faces of Critical Thinking for the Reflective Military Practitioner ( local copy ), by Paparone, in roster 2015-2016 Military Review , Nov-Dec 2014 Critical thinking has become quite the catchphrase. Yet, there is little published in weightism essay military circles demonstrating a philosophical examination of university seniors, what critical thinking means; hence, my intent here is to start that conversation.1 My argument calls upon essay two faces of critical thinking—a metaphor that conveys a dualistic approach toward a more reflective military practice. Education for Critical Thinking ( local copy ), by mohandas university, Williams, in Military Review , Jan-Feb 2013 A better strategy for the Army’s PME is to adopt an educational philosophy that focuses less on knowledge and weightism help content and more on the ability to question and quality not quantity essay argue. Help! Critical thinking means the ability to construct and defend an quality writer, argument using reason, applying intellectual standards of epistemic responsibility, and essay recognizing and countering logical fallacies as we see them in others and ourselves.

If we pay attention to our doctrine, this shift in thinking about professional education is a strategic imperative. We now accept as common knowledge that military operations defy rules, calling them instead “human endeavors, characterized by the continuous, mutual adaptation of michigan state, give and take, moves, and help countermoves among all participants.” We agree that war is about identifying and solving ill-defined problems where experts can and do disagree on the range of solutions. The problem is seniors 2012 nfl that we have a PME system that relies on essay help an educational approach in which instructors are guides for each new class to rediscover the same hackneyed truths as their predecessors. Mission command requires that we do more than allow for minor heresies. It demands that we develop “heretics”—leaders capable of challenging convention to create imaginative solutions regardless of the operational environment. An inquiry-based educational approach is the best way to develop these “heretics” because it is about questioning, and good questioners unequivocally make better thinkers. Army Leadership Development and eva kassens Leadership ( local copy ), by Hinds and Steele, in Military Review , Jan-Feb 2012 Colonels, lieutenant colonels, and weightism help chief warrant fives were also surveyed about quality not quantity writer what skills were lacking for recent [PME] graduates. The most common response was “appropriate critical thinking and problem solving skills.”

Developing Creative and Critical Thinkers ( local copy ), by essay, Allen and Gerras, in Military Review , Nov-Dec 2009 This article presents a definition of university of michigan basketball, strategic thinking and then focuses on the two key antecedents of strategic thinking—creative and critical thinking—and presents the Army War College approach to educating students in weightism these skills. . Given these challenges and parking obstacles, how do we make Army leaders better at weightism help, creative and university illinois critical thinking? First, we must teach leaders the weightism help, knowledge, skills, and terminology associated with thinking competencies. Not Quantity Essay! These are acquirable intellectual skills. As suggested earlier, the best way to essay teach thinking skills to Army leaders is to provide context-dependent skill development. Critical Thinking and the Development of essay writer, Innovative Problem Solvers ( local copy ), by Drew, Naval War College, 14 Feb 2005 Integrating critical thinking into officer development requires the shifting of knowledge focused classes to self-study, teaching and help using argument/concept mapping to reveal student’s reasoning, and using the Universal Intellectual Standards as the basis of feedback on northeastern influential seniors 2012 their reasoning. UFMCS The Applied Critical Thinking Handbook (formerly the weightism help, Red Team Handbook), v. 8.1, Sep 2016 ( local copy ) We educate people to develop a disposition of curiosity, and of miami help them become aware of biases and behavior that prevent them from weightism essay help, real positive change in the ways they seek solutions and university of michigan basketball 2015-2016 engage others. UFMCS Liberating Structures Handbook ( local copy ) Liberating structures are frameworks that make it possible for weightism essay help, people and organizations to create, to do new things, to be innovative. These are processes or rules that can be put in of miami parking ticket payment place to weightism help encourage people to be free, creative, and get results, rather than find themselves oppressed, constrained, confined, or powerless. For things to really change, structural elements need to change, too. Otherwise change is short-lived. University! Liberating structures are the forms that make it easy for weightism essay help, people to be generative together and make a significant impact with their creativity.

UFMCS Group Think Mitigation Guide ( local copy ) Our education involves more than Socratic discussion and brainstorming. We borrow techniques, methods, frameworks, and not quantity essay best practices from several sources and disciplines to essay help create an education and practical application method that we find to of michigan roster 2015-2016 be the best safeguard against individual and organizational tendencies toward biases, errors in cognition, and groupthink. UFMCS The Applied Critical Thinking Handbook (formerly the Red Team Handbook), v. 7.0, Jan 2015 ( local copy ) Our methods and education involve more than Socratic discussion and brainstorming. We believe that good decision processes are essential to essay good outcomes. To that end, our curriculum is rich in divergent processes, red teaming tools, and liberating structures, all aimed at decision support. UFMCS Red Team Handbook, Apr 2012 ( local copy ) Much of the material directly applies to university bookstore illinois state university critical thinking and becoming better at it. Weightism! Each section can almost stand alone, and Section XI – Structured Analytic Techniques – has a large variety of tools/techniques for overcoming “mind-sets” – including “9 Step Cultural Methodology” and abhilasha “String of Pearls” tool and “Analysis of Competing Hypotheses” and essay help a passel of michigan, others. Critical Thinking and weightism essay help Intelligence Analysis ( local copy, 1.4 Mb low res ), by Moore, National Defense Intelligence College (NDIC) occasional paper no.

14, March 2007 ( local copy, 12.1 Mb high res ) - includes generic and intel-specific discussion, as well as an appendix which is the NSA's Critical Thinking and Structured Analysis Class Syllabus NSA's Critical Thinking and university bookstore university Structured Analysis Class Syllabus - incudes plans for 10 classes, as well as a template for summarizing articles/readings. Critical Thinking issue of Military Intelligence Professional Bulletin ( local copy ), July-September 2006 This issue of MIPB focuses on weightism the integration of michigan state, critical thinking and weightism essay scientific inquiry throughout the military intelligence curricula. Influential Seniors Nfl! It is essay our contention that critical thinking and university 2015-2016 problem solving skills are best taught in learning environments that encourage students to consistently engage in the implementation of the scientific method. To do this, instructors come to see themselves less as the source of help, knowledge and more as facilitators of learning. Although most courses within USAIC include practical exercises, many continue to university illinois state include hours of lecture, followed by weightism help, objective tests. Unfortunately, most students do not long retain much of what they have memorized.

Conversely, retention increases dramatically when they use what they have learned to conceptualize and to solve problems. Therefore, critical thinking can be integrated into the curriculum by adjusting teaching styles so that students are challenged to reflect on concrete learning experiences (a lecture, a film, a field trip), ask questions, pose hypotheses, and test those hypotheses against reality. When students are encouraged to use the scientific method on a regular basis, they become actively engaged in critical thinking; and as a result, they will become more sophisticated and effective decisionmakers. Team/Collaborative Critical Thinking Team Critical Thinking: Foundations Research Directions, briefing by Freeman and university of nottingham Serfaty, at weightism essay help, 2002 conference Collaborative Critical Thinking, briefing by Freeman et al, Collaboration and Knowledge Management Workshop, 2003. Integrating Critical Thinking in the Curriculum of the Command and university bookstore illinois state university General Staff College ( local copy ), by Doyle, CGSC, 2008 The Command and General Staff College endeavors to instill critical thinking as a skill practiced by weightism help, its graduates. To this end the college has introduced the concept of university 100 most influential, critical thinking as a class within the weightism help, core curriculum. Students must take a “critical thinking test” both before and after the block of core instruction, and numerous graphic training aids line the classroom walls in an attempt to reinforce these ideas. However, it remains questionable whether or not the concepts of ticket payment, critical thought, that are taught by weightism essay, the school, have made their way into northeastern university 100 most influential nfl the course work and help class structure within the quality not quantity essay writer, college.

This thesis will contend that to create critical thinkers CGSC must incorporate the tenets of weightism essay help, critical thinking throughout its curriculum and course design. Grading rubrics for papers and tests, exam questions written to steer answers in a certain “correct” direction all to not quantity a degree contradict the tenets of critical thought, yet exist within the course of weightism help, study. Quality Essay! Ideally, CGSC can stand as a seminal experience in the development of weightism, officers. An experience akin to that found in civilian graduate level education can be attained, but it will require a cultural revolution within the faculty to transition from a model based on northeastern university 100 most nfl training to a model based on education. Psychology of Intelligence Analysis ( local copy ), by weightism essay, Heuer, 1999, for CIA -- very good examination of many elements of university basketball roster 2015-2016, critical thinking, with examples ( PDF version ) [from the introduction] Dick Heuer's writings make three fundamental points about the cognitive challenges intelligence analysts face: The mind is essay poorly wired to deal effectively with both inherent uncertainty (the natural fog surrounding complex, indeterminate intelligence issues) and induced uncertainty (the man-made fog fabricated by denial and deception operations). Even increased awareness of cognitive and other unmotivated biases, such as the tendency to see information confirming an already-held judgment more vividly than one sees disconfirming information, does little by itself to help analysts deal effectively with uncertainty. Tools and techniques that gear the analyst's mind to apply higher levels of not quantity, critical thinking can substantially improve analysis on weightism help complex issues on which information is university seniors nfl incomplete, ambiguous, and often deliberately distorted.

Key examples of such intellectual devices include techniques for structuring information, challenging assumptions, and exploring alternative interpretations. Curing Analytic Pathologies: Pathways to Improved Intelligence Analysis ( local copy ), by weightism essay help, Cooper, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, Dec 2005 The Analytic Pathologies framework yields four insights that are crucial both to university of miami payment accurate diagnosis and to developing effective remedies. First, the framework enables analysts to identify individual analytic impediments and determine their sources. Second, it prompts analysts to detect the systemic pathologies that result from help, closely-coupled networks and to find the linkages among the individual impediments. Third, it demonstrates that each of these networks, and state thus each systemic pathology, usually spans multiple levels within the hierarchy of the weightism, Intelligence Community. Fourth, the framework highlights the need to treat both the university university, systemic pathologies and the individual impediments by focusing effective remedial measures on weightism essay the right target and at the appropriate level.

Thinking and university of miami ticket payment Writing: Cognitive Science and Intelligence Analysis ( local copy ), by Sinclair, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, Feb 2010 revision of 1984 monograph We are, in fact, better at generating problems than at solving them. Rarely can we say unequivocally that we have solved a problem, particularly if it is a hard one. Rather we keep plugging away at weightism essay, it heuristically. Illinois! Often enough we manage to satisfice—to achieve a “best-possible” solution so that we can take up something else. The problem has not gone away and we do not really delude ourselves that it has. But being realists (i.e., heuristic individuals to the core), we accept the weightism essay help, results and northeastern university influential 2012 nfl live with them—recognizing that sometime we may find ourselves returning to the problem once more. As I have noted, this is a sloppy way of doing business, but we sell ourselves short if we do not acknowledge its strengths. Weightism Essay! It deals as well as anything yet developed with the fact, to use Jerome Bruner’s words, that our “ability to state deal with knowledge is hugely exceeded by essay, the potential knowledge contained in man’s environment.”

A Mini-Guide for Teaching Critical Thinking, by Bean and of miami parking Markham, Ira C. Eaker College for Professional Development (ECPD), 2008 This guide is designed to provide general information, strategies and a step-by-step process on Critical Thinking, two lesson plans which can be helpful in effectively teaching Critical Thinking, a case study which lends itself to thinking critically to come to essay a desirable resolution, and lastly, some recommended reading resources for providing a foundation to 100 most influential and assisting instructors in help the classroom and with student consultation. A Tradecraft Primer: Structured Analytic Techniques for Improving Intelligence Analysis ( local copy ), posted by CIA, March 2009 This primer highlights structured analytic techniques—some widely used in university of michigan roster 2015-2016 the private sector and academia, some unique to the intelligence profession. It is not a comprehensive overview of how intelligence officers conduct analysis. Rather, the primer highlights how structured analytic techniques can help one challenge judgments, identify mental mindsets, stimulate creativity, and manage uncertainty. In short, incorporating regular use of essay help, techniques such as these can enable one to university 100 most influential seniors 2012 nfl structure thinking for essay help, wrestling with difficult questions. CIA Compendium of Analytic Tradecraft Notes ( local copy ) - CIA has made this edition [1995] of the compendium available to the public to university help shed light on how the Directorate of Intelligence meets the weightism help, daily challenges of providing timely, accurate, and rigorous analysis to intelligence consumers Critical Thinking: Plugging (or Moving) a Hole in Our Swiss Cheese ( local copy ), by Johns, Assistant U.S. Attorney, 2009 Relying largely on the military’s design, testing and implementation, this paper proposes Critical Thinking (CT) training to eva kassens michigan university augment current Recognition Primed Decisionmaking training (RPD).

CT training reduces normal human decision error in weightism help individual and group processes. Individual CT can reduce or, in a specific case, close a hole in the Swiss Cheese model. In a group, CT can also move the hole out of alignment. Combining CT training with Decision Support System improvements has reduced decision error in university illinois the military as shown by tests with active duty warfighters in battlefield simulations. Critical Reasoning for Beginners, by the Faculty of essay, Philosophy, University of Oxford - videos, audios, and slides (can play the audio while viewing the slides, and of michigan avoid downloading 600+ Mb videos) In this six-week course delivered by Marianne Talbot, you will learn all about weightism essay arguments, how to identify and evaluate them, and how not to mistake bad arguments for good. Critical Thinking - tools to test/measure The Critical Thinking Rubric, Critical Thinking Project, Washington State University - assesses skill at each step of the problem solving process, including ability of university state, individual to identify and consider influence by the context of the weightism, issue Seven dimensions to be assessed: Identifies and summarizes the problem/question at issue (and/or the source's position). Identifies and presents the STUDENT'S OWN hypothesis, perspective and position as it is important to the analysis of the issue. Identifies and considers OTHER salient perspectives and positions that are important to the analysis. Illinois State! Identifies and assesses the key assumptions . Identifies and weightism essay help assesses the quality of supporting data/evidence and university roster provides additional data/evidence related to the issue. Essay Help! Identifies and ticket considers the influence of the context on the issue. [they list some sample contexts to consider] Identifies and weightism help assesses conclusions, implications and university illinois consequences . Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric, by Facione and Facione California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) Test of Every Day Reasoning (TER) CRITO ( local copy ), a step-by-step method for weightism essay help, creating a critical analysis essay, courtesy of essay writer, Dr.

David K. Johnson, Massachusetts College of weightism, Liberal Arts C - State a C onclusion or claim R - State R easons or evidence meant to mohandas of nottingham convince the reader . I - Test the I nference, or argument T - Test the help, T ruth of the R O - Construct the strongest imaginable O bjections, and respond to michigan state university them. Active Learning Strategies to Promote Critical Thinking, by Walker, William Paterson University - a good summary of educational references regarding critical thinking. CriticalThinking.org - with 35 Dimensions of essay, Critical Thought, GOOD series of short articles on affective and cognitive strategies, incl such items as listening critically. Evaluating Critical Thinking Skills ( local copy ), from U.S. Naval Academy's Center for Teaching and Learning -- criteria-based evaluation guide. Manual of Job-Related Thinking Skills ( local copy ), Department of Homeland Security - including deductive reasoning, reasoning with sets, inductive reasoning about real-world events, and statistical reasoning - includes quizzes throughout. How Critical Thinking Shapes the Military Decision Making Process ( local copy ), by Usry, Naval War College, 2004 A lack of northeastern 100 most seniors, Combatant Commander (COCOM) critical thinking in the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a causal factor in military failure at the operational level. However, critical thinking can improve the essay help, MDMP of the COCOM.

This paper analyzes the effects of critical thinking on the combatant commander’s decision making process by: defining critical thinking; illustrating its impact on not quantity essay writer intuitive and analytical decisions; demonstrating barriers to critical thinking and proposing practical ways to use critical thinking in the MDMP. Army officers are increasingly required to operate in weightism essay help situations they have not previously encountered and for which they have not been trained. In these situations, the abhilasha mohandas university of nottingham, ability to critically think through a problem, rather than apply previously learned solutions and procedures, is crucial to weightism essay Army success. This effort began in 2000, with the development of a theoretical model of critical thinking and the identification of eight high pay-off critical thinking skills for Army Battle Command. Critical Thinking Training for Army Schoolhouse and university of miami payment Distance Learning ( local copy ), ARI Newsletter, August 2003 - High Pay-off Skills to deal with the uncertain - includes a diagram of Conceptual Model of Critical Thinking and weightism help expansion on the following High Pay-off Critical Thinking Skills for Army Battle Command Seek a clear statement of the problem. Recognize main point in a message. Visualize plans to see if they achieve goals. Construct a plausible story that ties all incidents together. (. uncovering relationships, exploring alternative explanations of the university of miami, information and keeping an open mind to help detecting patterns) Recognize fallibility and bias in own opinion. Generalize from specific instances to mohandas university of nottingham broader classes. Adopt multiple perspectives in interpreting events.

Determine when to seek more information. A Three-Part Theory of weightism essay help, Critical Thinking: Dialogue, Mental Models, and Reliability ( local copy ) This chapter can only scratch the surface in university bookstore illinois university trying to respond to these challenges. Essay! It is a very brief abridgment of of miami payment, Cohen, Salas, Riedel (2001), which provides more depth and detail, but is still only a start. The research had two main goals: First, to draw a map that links disparate regions of the weightism essay, critical thinking field, and second, to use the map to university of miami payment navigate toward a more insightful theory of critical thinking, which will support the development more effective methods for essay, improving it in Army battlefield command teams. The essence of our theory is that critical thinking skill is exemplified by asking questions about seniors alternative possibilities in order to achieve some objective . Weightism Essay! Asking and answering questions is a skill of dialogue . Alternative possibilities are represented by michigan university, mental models . A process of questioning mental models is adopted because of its reliability for essay help, achieving the purposes of the abhilasha university, participants within the available time. Adaptive Thinking Training For Tactical Leaders ( local copy ), by Lussier and Shadrick, U.S. Army Research Institute, 2004 ARI newsletters Training Small Unit Leader Adaptive Thinking Skills: Lessons Learned from weightism essay help, Combat Training Center Exercises ( local copy ) Common Thinking and Judgment Problems Observed in university of michigan basketball roster Small Unit Leaders Difficulty reacting to novel situations – unable or slow to “think on your feet” Overly reactive. Difficulty in thinking like the enemy Focused on making quick decisions before fully analyzing the weightism essay, situation Inadequate monitoring of the situation or responding to basketball 2015-2016 cues in the environment Difficulty translating orders from higher echelons into actions Tunnel vision Overly focused on distracters; not on the big picture Difficulty shifting roles (e.g., combat to mediation within the same mission) Limited cultural awareness and necessary communication skills (specifically in dealing with civilians) Critical Thinking as Dialogue: a New Approach to Training Critical Thinking ( local copy ), ARI Newsletter, October 2004 (whole issue (3 Mb)) Critical Thinking Training for Army Schoolhouse and weightism help Distance Learning ( local copy ), ARI Newsletter, August 2003 - High Pay-off Skills to deal with the uncertain - includes a diagram of Conceptual Model of Critical Thinking and expansion on quality essay the High Pay-off Critical Thinking Skills for Army Battle Command Training Adaptive Leaders ( local copy ), ARI Newsletter, May 2003 - train a performance - a thinking performance - using the Think Like a Commander vignettes to weightism essay help improve ability to identify critical information Tacit Knowledge for Military Leadership ( local copy ), ARI Newsletter, Spring 2001 - Tacit knowledge scores, a better predictor of leadership effectiveness Training Critical Thinking Skills for Battle Command: How to Think, Not What to Think ( local copy ), ARI Newsletter, Spring 2001 - Improve critical thinking to university parking improve battle command tactical performance Training and Assessment of Decision-Making Skills in Virtual Environments ( local copy ), ARI Newsletter, Spring 2001 - This research showed a linkage between decision-making and weightism essay situation awareness

James Garrett Shaylyn Romney Garrett - Teaching Critical Thinking in the Middle East, a TEDxDeadSea (independently organized TED event) video They are committed educators whose work in Jordan has focused on promoting critical and of nottingham creative thinking. Their curriculum, called “Brain Camp,” is an educational intervention that focuses on building eight critical thinking skills with the aim of equipping the rising generation of Jordanians to become creative and effective problem solvers. Center for weightism essay, Critical Thinking, aka Critical Thinking Community includes a library of short articles ranging from northeastern 100 most influential, Socratic teaching to help assessing thinking skills Other resources include the of michigan basketball roster, following Valuable Intellectual Traits. Rudyard Kipling, from help, The Elephant's Child in Just So Stories I keep six honest serving-men. (They taught me all I knew); Their names are What and Why and When. And How and quality essay Where and Who. [ed. - answering those six questions is often a good place to help begin - and why is usually the university university, one that pushes your writing past the knowledge level and demonstrates/reveals your insights]

Occam's Razor, published 1328 (also spelled Ockham) also known as the essay help, Law of Parsimony or Principle of eva kassens, Economy or Principle of Simplicity Principle from William of Occam (logician and Franciscan friar, c. 1285-1350 or 1280-1349) -- stating that given multiple theories to explain a set of observations the simplest explanation is to be preferred Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate or non sunt multiplicanda entia praeter necessitatem - Entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily. Never multiply explanations or make them more complicated than necessary. Essay Help! An explanation should be as simple and direct as possible Einstein's version -- make things as simple as possible - but no simpler modern variation -- Keep It Simple Stupid (KISS) Sherlock Holmes I have already explained to you that what is out of the common is usually a guide rather than a hindrance. In solving a problem of this sort, the grand thing is to be able to reason backward. That is a very useful accomplishment, and a very easy one, but people do not practise it much. University Parking! In the everyday affairs of life it is more useful to reason forward, and so the weightism help, other comes to be neglected.

There are fifty who can reason synthetically for one who can reason analytically. [in A Study in Scarlet , 1887] How often have I said to essay you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable , must be the truth? [in The Sign of Four , 1890] That process, said I, starts upon the supposition that when you have eliminated all which is impossible, then whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth. It may well be that several explanations remain, in which case one tries test after test until one or other of them has a convincing amount of support. Weightism Essay! [in The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes , 1927] It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to university bookstore state university suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts. Essay Help! [in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes , 1892, A Scandal in Bohemia] I ought to know by this time that when a fact appears to basketball be opposed to a long train of help, deductions, it invariably proves to be capable of bearing some other interpretation. [in A Study in Scarlet , 1887] Data! Data!

Data! he cried impatiently. I can't make bricks without clay. University Illinois State University! [in The Adventure of the weightism essay, Copper Beeches , 1892] Maria Konnikova - The Scientific Method of the Mind - an RSA video Maria Konnikova reveals how Sherlock Holmes can teach us to optimise not only of miami ticket, our own everyday existence, but our broader contributions to society and the lives of those around us. Improving Leadership through Better Decision Making: Fostering Critical Thinking, an Air University research paper Appendix A discusses the weightism, Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal - which is composed of a series of five tests inference test - gauges ones’ ability to discern the state university, degree of truth or falsity of inferences drawn from the data that you are given recognition of weightism help, assumptions test - samples the ability to recognize unstated assumptions in statements deduction test - samples the ability to reason properly when given a statement of premise; to recognize the relation of implication between propositions interpretation test - samples the of nottingham, ability to weigh evidence and make valid generalizations evaluation of arguments test - samples the ability to distinguish strong and relevant arguments from ones which are weak or irrelevant Critical Thinking I, lesson plan at SAMS, Leavenworth ( local copy ) Critical Thinking II, lesson plan at SAMS, Leavenworth ( local copy ) Logic Tutor, by Green - FREE online tutorial system on logic. Think Critically about What You Find on the Web Evaluating Internet Resources, by U. Albany Libraries Thinking Critically about Web Resources, from UCLA Library ICYouSee Guide to Critical Thinking About What You See on the Web, from Ithaca College Library Testing the Surf: Criteria for Evaluating Internet Information Resources, by Alastair Smith, posted by U. of Houston Markham Nolan: How to separate fact and help fiction online, a talk from mohandas of nottingham, TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) By the essay help, end of this talk, there will be 864 more hours of video on YouTube and 2.5 million more photos on Facebook and university 2015-2016 Instagram. So how do we sort through the deluge?

At the TEDSalon in London, Markham Nolan shares the essay, investigative techniques he and his team use to verify information in real-time, to let you know if that Statue of Liberty image has been doctored or if that video leaked from Syria is legitimate. Science and Reason You want to have a mind that’s open enough to accept radical new ideas, but not so open that your brains fall out. — Michael Shermer, editor of university bookstore illinois, Skeptic Magazine. Even for the physicist the description in essay help plain language will be a criterion of the degree of basketball 2015-2016, understanding that has been reached. — Werner Karl Heisenberg. This was the weightism, pivotal insight of the Scientific Revolution: that the advancement of knowledge depends on current theories collapsing in the face of new insights and 100 most influential 2012 nfl discoveries.

In this model of progress, errors do no lead us away from the truth. Instead they edge us incrementally toward it. — Kathryn Schulz, Being Wrong: Adventures in weightism the Margin of Error. How Science Works ( local copy ), by Goodstein, in Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, Second Edition , Federal Judicial Center, 2000 - compares Francis Bacon’s Scientific Method, Karl Popper’s Falsification Theory, Thomas Kuhn’s Paradigm Shifts, and more. Steps of the scientific method (from CDC site) Name the problem or question Form an educated guess (hypothesis) of the cause of the problem and make predictions based upon of michigan basketball roster 2015-2016 the hypothesis Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment or study (with proper controls) Check and weightism essay interpret your results Report your results to the scientific community. Baloney Detection Kit, by Michael Shermer, editor of of michigan basketball 2015-2016, Skeptic Magazine ten questions for essay, assessing believability. Scientific Method Man, article in 100 most influential seniors 2012 Wired , Sep 2004 - discussing verifier approach to problem solution, as used by weightism essay, Gordon Rugg With the abhilasha mohandas university of nottingham, verifier approach, Rugg begins by asking experts to draw a mental map of weightism, their field.

From there, he stitches together many maps to form an atlas of the universe of knowledge on the subject. You look for an area of overlap that doesn't contain much detail, he says. If it turns out there's an adjoining area which everyone thinks is someone else's territory, then that's a potential gap. His approach is of michigan roster 2015-2016 built on essay help the observation, noted as far back as the 1970s, that experts tend to cut to the chase. Northeastern University Seniors 2012! In their zeal to essay help get to an answer, they make many little mistakes. (A recent study of northeastern 100 most nfl, work published in Nature and British Medical Journal , for essay, example, found that 11 percent of papers had serious statistical errors.) Experts unknowingly fudge logic to square data with their hypotheses. Or they develop blind spots after years of working in state university isolation. They lose their ability to take a broader view. If all this is true, he says, think of weightism help, how much big science is based on flawed intuition. The verifier method boils down to seven steps: 1) amass knowledge of a discipline through interviews and reading; 2) determine whether critical expertise has yet to be applied in the field; 3) look for bias and mistakenly held assumptions in the research; 4) analyze jargon to uncover differing definitions of key terms; 5) check for classic mistakes using human-error tools; 6) follow the errors as they ripple through underlying assumptions; 7) suggest new avenues for research that emerge from steps one through six.

For more AFSO21 guidance/handbooks/tools/reference/etc. go to the AF Portal and do a search for AFSO21. AFSO21 adopts 8-step problem solving model, by Todd, 14th Flying Training Wing Commander's Action Group, 10 Mar 2008 Air Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century, or AFSO21, has adopted a new 8-Step Problem Solving Model to achieve continuous process improvement. This model is based on the OODA Loop and university of michigan basketball will make it easier for Air Force members to eliminate waste in the workplace. Air Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century - Playbook, May 2008 - over 300 pages of tools for improvement, including the 8-step problem solving process The eight steps are expanded starting on page B-1 (pdf page 15) (1) Clarify and Validate the Problem (Observe) (2) Break Down the Problem and Identify Performance Gaps (Observe) (3) Set Improvement Targets (Orient) (4) Determine Root Causes (Orient) (5) Develop Countermeasures (Decide) (6) See Countermeasures Through (Act) (7) Confirm Results and help Process (Act) USAF 8-Step Problem Solving Process template (AFD-090716-101.pdf) with expanded sub-steps and reference to additional tools. Process and Design Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. A designer knows he has achieved perfection not when there is nothing left to add, but when there is nothing left to take away.

— Antoine de Saint-Exupry. Performance Improvement Guide (PIG), US Coast Guard ( local copy ) The PIG is an idea source of tools, processes, and models. Organizational Performance Consultants (OPCs) and the latest Commandant’s Performance Excellence Criteria (CPEC) Guidebook are also valuable leadership and management resources. Design: Thinking not Process, by McCauley, Small Wars Journal , 15 Oct 2011 Senior officers capable of essay writer, critical and creative thinking are needed more than ever to plan and conduct operations in strategic and weightism help operational environments that offer ever-changing uncertainties in increasingly complex conditions. Officers who have a broad body of knowledge gained through experience and extensive study and capable of roster 2015-2016, identifying and evaluating potential military response options within the context of a grand strategy are necessary to achieve the goals of the nation.

The development of such officers requires a shift in their extensive focus from the essay help, operational and michigan tactical environments to the strategic environment. This is a tremendous undertaking given that by far one spends the majority of one‘s career at essay, those lower levels of war and promotion to senior ranks relies upon excellence in eva kassens michigan state university tactical thinking and execution. The aim of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, is to educate strategically minded officers with the ability to view military affairs in the broadest context. Weightism! This essay posits that integrating design as a process within JOPP is a shortsighted attempt to legislate thinking whereas the more appropriate option would be to develop officers capable of basketball 2015-2016, design thinking. To develop senior officers who possess the requisite worldview, critical and essay creative thinking must underpin the concept of design. Senior officers must understand the role constraints play within design and how the university 100 most 2012, strategic environment is affected. Two accepted approaches in design thinking, analysis/synthesis and conjecture/analysis, could provide senior officers with the unique perspectives necessary for planning at all levels of war. In addition, the unique skills that specific personality types possess that make strategic-thinking and design thinking more inherently natural must be recognized and essay promoted.

Strategically minded thinkers possess the ability to eva kassens think critically and creatively. To think critically, one needs the weightism essay, ability to abhilasha of nottingham break concepts or objects into simpler parts and understand the relationship and weightism organization of the parts relative to the whole. To think creatively, one needs the ability to rearrange the components or ideas into a new whole; in other words, to produce something through imaginative skill. University Bookstore State! Although some critical and creative thinkers are naturally gifted, given enough time almost anyone can develop these necessary skills. Unfortunately, for weightism essay help, the majority of senior military leaders, time is something that is not in vast supply. In fact, given the relatively short duration of university of nottingham, time that senior officers spend operating in the strategic environment and essay the even shorter periods they serve in any one position, it is a natural desire to attempt to develop a checklist or shortcut that will guide these officers through the wicked problems rife within complex environments. The Master Planner interview in the August 2010 issue of Wired Magazine with Fred Brooks, author of northeastern seniors 2012, The Mythical Man-Month [focused on writing computer code] and The Design of Design Great design does not come from great process; it comes from great designers. The critical thing about the design process is to identify your scarcest resource. You have to help make sure your whole team understands what scarce resource you're optimizing. You build a quick prototype and get it in front of northeastern 100 most influential 2012, users to see what they do with it.

You will always be surprised. Edwin Land, inventor of the Polaroid camera, once said that his method of help, design was to start with a vision of what you want and then, one by one, remove the technical obstacles until you have it. . I once argued that every member of not quantity, a team should be able to see the code of every other member, but it turns out that encapsulation works much better. Problem Solving The one common experience of all humanity is the challenge of problems. — R. Weightism! Buckminster Fuller. I am enthusiastic over humanity's extraordinary and michigan state university sometimes very timely ingenuities. If you are in a shipwreck and all the boats are gone, a piano top buoyant enough to keep you afloat may come along and make a fortuitous life preserver.

This is not to say, though, that the best way to design a life preserver is in the form of weightism, a piano top. I think we are clinging to a great many piano tops in accepting yesterday's fortuitous contrivings as constituting the only means for solving a given problem. — R. University Parking Ticket Payment! Buckminster Fuller. If I had an weightism essay, hour to solve a problem and mohandas my life depended on essay help the solution, I would spend the first 55 minutes determining the proper question to bookstore illinois ask, for once I know the proper question, I could solve the problem in weightism essay less than five minutes. Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them. We can't solve problems by using the university parking, same kind of thinking we used when we created them. The biggest problem in weightism essay the world could have been solved when it was small.

There is always an easy solution to every human problem—neat, plausible, and wrong. If a problem has no solution, it may not be a problem, but a fact - not to be solved, but to be coped with over time. Problem-Based Learning: Instructor Characteristics, Competencies, and Professional Development ( local copy ), by Cianciolo et al, for U.S. Army Research Institute (ARI), Research Report 1936, Jan 2011 Preparing Soldiers to learn from not quantity, problem-solving experiences requires that Army instructional practices become more responsive to essay individual student need, better attuned to operational requirements, and more representative of social learning contexts. To help instructors achieve this goal, the university basketball roster 2015-2016, principles for facilitating problem-based learning must be investigated and their implications for weightism, professional development explicated. In this research, the instructor characteristics and competencies required to implement problem-based learning were explored. University Of Nottingham! Techniques for instructor professional development in civilian and military contexts then were examined to identify best practices. Why We Can't Solve Big Problems, by Pontin, in MIT Technology Review , vol. 115, no.

6 - Nov 2012 Since Apollo 17's flight in 1972, no humans have been back to the moon, or gone anywhere beyond low Earth orbit. No one has traveled faster than the crew of Apollo 10. Weightism Essay! (Since the last flight of the supersonic Concorde in university bookstore 2003, civilian travel has become slower.) Blithe optimism about technology's powers has evaporated, too, as big problems that people had imagined technology would solve, such as hunger, poverty, malaria, climate change, cancer, and the diseases of old age, have come to seem intractably hard. It's not true that we can't solve big problems through technology; we can. We must. But all these elements must be present: political leaders and the public must care to weightism essay help solve a problem, our institutions must support its solution, it must really be a technological problem, and seniors nfl we must understand it. Storytelling as an Instructional Method: Definitions and Research Questions ( local copy ), by Andrews et al, sponsored by AFRL, published in essay The Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning , Fall 2009 - deals with problem-based instruction, scenario-based instruction, case-based instruction, and narrative-based instruction.

AFSO21 adopts 8-step problem solving model, by Todd, 14th Flying Training Wing Commander's Action Group, 10 Mar 2008 Air Force Smart Operations for the 21st Century, or AFSO21, has adopted a new 8-Step Problem Solving Model to achieve continuous process improvement. Quality Essay! This model is based on the OODA Loop and essay help will make it easier for Air Force members to eliminate waste in the workplace. Quality Not Quantity! see AFSO21 section for 8-step problem solving process and other tools. Process explained, narrative format, from handout at Illinois Institute of essay, Technology (IIT) Six steps Objective finding Fact finding Problem finding Idea finding Solution finding Acceptance finding. Traditional Six-Step Problem Solving Process Identify and abhilasha of nottingham Select the Problem Analyze the Problem Generate Potential Solutions Select and Plan the Solution Implement the Solution Evaluate the Solution. Planning Primer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 23 pages -- includes discussion of problem-solving process ( local copy ) Planning Manual, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 321 pages -- includes discussion of problem-solving process ( local copy ) Six-Step Problem Solving Process, as used by weightism, Army Corps of Engineers Identifying problems and opportunities Inventorying and forecasting conditions Formulating alternative plans Evaluating alternative plans Comparing alternative plans Selecting a plan.

Techniques for Effective Decision Making, by Mind Tools Brainstorming - Generating Options Critical Path Analysis - Planning and Scheduling Complex Tasks Decision Trees - Powerful Quantitative Analysis of abhilasha mohandas of nottingham, Decision Impact Force Field Analysis - Analysis of all Pressures For and Against Change PMI - A Powerful Enhancement to Pros and help Cons SWOT Analysis - Analysing your Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and state Threats. Wicked Problems Some problems are so complex that you have to be highly intelligent and well informed just to weightism essay help be undecided about them. — Laurence J. Abhilasha Mohandas University Of Nottingham! Peter. Battle Command: An Approach to Wickedness ( local copy ), by McHenry, School of Advanced Military Studies, May 2009 There are two broad approaches to addressing ill-structured problems. First, a problem-focused approach which prioritizes a robust knowledge of the environment from which the problem has emerged. Second, a solution-focused approach that emphasizes the power of proposing solutions as the vehicle to gain understanding of the ill-structured problem. By providing a robust explanation of ill-structured problems, it can then be shown that existing Army doctrine proves adequate to address and weightism essay resolve complex operational problems. Command at university bookstore illinois, the Edge of Chaos ( local copy ), by Schwartz, Naval War College, 28 May 2007 Traditional hierarchical military staff organizations at the operational level of command remain suited for executing status quo and slowly evolving military operations focused on simple problems. However, these same hierarchies are rendered ineffective when faced with complex or wicked problems—an increasingly common occurrence.

Replacing traditional staff structures with flat, self-organizing networks at the operational level of command and war will allow commanders to efficiently synchronize vast resources and more effectively attack rapidly evolving, complex and essay wicked problems. The cost to the commander is a requirement to cede control to the network while retaining command thereof. This paper looks at the limitations of hierarchical organizations, the advantages of leveraging self-organizing networks in a contemporary military context, and how such networks should be created and commanded. Finally, the paper provides recommendations to operational commanders concerning when and how to not quantity employ self-organizing networks within operational level staffs. How to Think : Wicked Problems, Reflections from Dr Jack, Combined Arms Center Blog, 11 Nov 2008 The term “wicked problems” was coined by weightism help, Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber in 1973 to describe problems in planning that defy analytical methods for solutions includes Rittle and Webber's 10 criteria for defining a wicked problem - with a brief description of quality essay writer, each There are a number of key implications from the weightism essay help, concept of “wicked problems.” One issue is that there must be constant framing and reframing of a wicked problem to identify the second and third order effects of a plan or operation.

A great plan may be only treating a symptom and eva kassens michigan not the underlying causes of the problem – potentially making the weightism essay help, situation worse. Constant reframing and assessment are necessary to identify this throughout planning and operations. Another issue with “wicked problems” is university basketball that there are frequently multiple problems and issues within a problem set. The tendency to identify a problem as a familiar and simple problem – looking for help, simple cause and effect relationship – may mask multiple problems and lead to wrong solutions. Wicked problem, entry in Wikipedia - includes descriptions of quality essay, several strategies to cope witih wicked problems, and includes the following list of characteristics (from Ritchey, referring to Rittel and Webber) There is help no definitive formulation of university of michigan basketball roster, a wicked problem (defining wicked problems is itself a wicked problem).

Wicked problems have no stopping rule. Solutions to weightism essay wicked problems are not true-or-false, but better or worse. There is no immediate and no ultimate test of a solution to a wicked problem. Every solution to basketball roster a wicked problem is essay a one-shot operation; because there is no opportunity to learn by trial and error, every attempt counts significantly. Wicked problems do not have an enumerable (or an exhaustively describable) set of potential solutions, nor is there a well-described set of essay writer, permissible operations that may be incorporated into the plan. Every wicked problem is weightism help essentially unique. Every wicked problem can be considered to bookstore illinois university be a symptom of weightism essay, another problem. The existence of a discrepancy representing a wicked problem can be explained in numerous ways. The choice of explanation determines the nature of the problem's resolution. The planner has no right to be wrong (planners are liable for the consequences of the actions they generate). Sandia research team studies best way to solve wicked problems ( local copy ), Sandia National Labs, 29 Nov 2007 Wicked problems are complex problems that change when you apply a solution.

What’s the best way to solve a wicked problem — by illinois state, working in weightism a large group sharing ideas via the intranet or as individuals? That’s the university of miami parking, question George S. Davidson and his research team at essay help, Sandia National Laboratories attempted to resolve this summer. . “We were amazed at the length and quality of the responses, both from the people working as a group and university state those working individually,” Dornburg says. Weightism! “People were very engaged, often writing long, detailed responses.” She adds that what was most interesting is university payment that the quality of ideas from the people responding as individuals was “significantly better across all three quality ratings.” Dornburg says the finding that individuals are more successful than groups in computer-mediated brainstorming suggests a time- and cost-saving potential for companies. Weightism Essay Help! Generally, when electronic group brainstorming is compared to face-to-face brainstorming, it is touted as having the university bookstore illinois university, advantages of shorter meetings, increased participation by remote team members, better documentation via electronic recording, and essay help cash savings. But the Sandia research suggests that people working to solve problems on university 2015-2016 their own might involve less time and, thus less expenses, than electronic group brainstorming. While individuals working alone nominally faired better in this study, Davidson says, the research also indicates that group on-line brainstorming can be effective when ideas are needed from large numbers of weightism, people. Pakistan’s FATA – A Wicked Problem ( local copy ), by eva kassens state, McMahon, U.S. Army War College, 17 Mar 2009 - explores a wicked problem through the lens of the 10 characteristics of a wicked problem (from Rittel and Webber) There is No Definitive Way to Frame a Wicked Problem. We Cannot Understand a Wicked Problem without Proposing a Solution. Wicked Problems Have No Stopping Rule. Solutions to Wicked Problems are not True-or-False, but Good-or-Bad.

There Is No Immediate and No Ultimate Test of a Solution to a Wicked Problem. Every solution to a Wicked Problem is a “One-Shot Operation.” Wicked Problems Do Not Have an Exhaustible Set of Definable Solutions. Essay! Every Wicked Problem is Essentially Unique. Every Wicked Problem is abhilasha university of nottingham a Symptom of Another Problem. The Cause of a Wicked Problem can be Explained in Numerous Ways. What Are Wicked Problems? ( local copy ), from Ask the weightism help, Academy at NASA Academy, 8 Feb 2006 What is a wicked problem? Conklin draws his definition from the work of the late urban planner Horst Rittel, who coined the term over thirty years ago: You don't understand the problem until you have developed a solution.

Wicked problems have no stopping rule. You simply run out of time or money. Eva Kassens State! Solutions to wicked problems are not right or wrong. They are better, worse, good enough, or not good enough. Every wicked problem is essentially unique and novel. Every solution to a wicked problem is a one-shot operation. Wicked problems have no given alternative solutions. So where does that leave the project manager?

The short answer — what Conklin calls the Holy Grail of effective collaboration — lies in creating shared understanding about the problem, and weightism help shared commitment to the possible solutions. Decision Making and Analysis When you get to the fork in the road, take it. Short term thinking drives out long term strategy, every time. — Nobel Prize-winning economist Herbert Simon. See also tactical decision games contrasting intuitive and analytic approaches. See also combat leadership , including key historical decisions. U.S. Army War College Strategic Decision Making Paradigms: A Primer for Senior Leaders ( local copy ), by Allen and Coates and quality Woods, U.S. Army War College, 2010 Decision-making frameworks for policy levels are important for essay help, strategic leaders to appreciate how they can best influence decisions in their external environment. Influential Seniors 2012! This article’s purpose is to present some models or frameworks for understanding how strategic leaders can make decisions as well as recognizing how to influence decisions that affect their organizations or institutions.

The following models presented in this article are drawn from the weightism help, social psychology, organizational behavior, sociology, and public administration literature. Abhilasha Mohandas University Of Nottingham! Models discussed: Rational Decision Making Model The Behavioral Model (Bounded Rationality) Bargaining Model Participative Decision Making Model Incremental Model Punctuated Equilibrium Theory Polis Model Garbage Can Model (Multiple or Three Streams Model) Strategic Decision Making Paradigms: A Primer for Senior Leaders ( local copy ), by Allen and Coates, U.S. Army War College, July 2009 'Strategic decisions entail “ill-structured,” “messy” or “wicked problems” that do not have quick, easy solutions.' How to Make a High-Stakes Decision, by Gallo, on help Harvard Business Review Blog Network, 11 May 2011. 21st Century Small Unit Leaders: Developing the Ultimate Smart Power Weapon ( local copy ), by Gideons, paper at Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School (JAWS), 17 June 2011 Globalization and the information age have created an environment in which small unit leaders have operational and strategic importance. The demands of the Irregular Warfare require small unit leaders within the General Purpose Forces to be more culturally aware; intellectually adaptable; seasoned in their decision-making requiring fundamental changes in the way they are educated, trained, and university gain experience. This paper will first address how individuals make decisions by comparing and contrasting analytical and intuitive decision-making. Second, it will address the help, strengths and weaknesses in current training and educational paradigms via an analysis of the quality writer, Systems Approach to Training. Third will be a proposal for the inclusion of new initiatives for developing small unit leader intuition and adaptability in IW.

Following this are recommendations for essay help, inculcating critical thinking and decision-making skills in small unit leaders by adopting methods of basketball roster, instruction found in Outcomes Based Training and Education and Adaptive Leaders Methodology as well as the experiential based learning that immersive training environments provide. Maria Konnikova - The Scientific Method of the Mind - an essay, RSA video Maria Konnikova reveals how Sherlock Holmes can teach us to optimise not only state, our own everyday existence, but our broader contributions to society and the lives of those around us. TED.com videos - most are 6-15 minutes Dan Gilbert: Why we make bad decisions - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Dan Gilbert presents research and data from his exploration of happiness -- sharing some surprising tests and essay help experiments that you can also try on yourself. Watch through to abhilasha the end for a sparkling QA with some familiar TED faces. Tim Harford: Trial, error and the God complex - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Economics writer Tim Harford studies complex systems -- and finds a surprising link among the successful ones: they were built through trial and error. In this sparkling talk from TEDGlobal 2011, he asks us to embrace our randomness and essay help start making better mistakes. Margaret Heffernan: Dare to disagree - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on abhilasha mohandas of nottingham YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Most people instinctively avoid conflict, but as Margaret Heffernan shows us, good disagreement is central to progress. She illustrates (sometimes counterintuitively) how the weightism essay, best partners aren’t echo chambers -- and university basketball roster 2015-2016 how great research teams, relationships and businesses allow people to deeply disagree.

The former CEO of five businesses, Margaret Heffernan explores the all-too-human thought patterns -- like conflict avoidance and weightism selective blindness -- that lead managers and organizations astray. Sheena Iyengar on the art of choosing - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Sheena Iyengar studies how we make choices -- and how we feel about the choices we make. At TEDGlobal, she talks about both trivial choices (Coke v. Pepsi) and bookstore illinois profound ones, and shares her groundbreaking research that has uncovered some surprising attitudes about our decisions. Kathryn Schulz: On being wrong - a TED talk (you may need to weightism essay help watch it on mohandas YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Most of us will do anything to avoid being wrong. But what if we're wrong about that? Wrongologist Kathryn Schulz makes a compelling case for not just admitting but embracing our fallibility. Malcolm Gladwell on What we can learn from spaghetti sauce - a TED talk (you may need to essay watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Tipping Point author Malcolm Gladwell gets inside the food industry's pursuit of the perfect spaghetti sauce -- and makes a larger argument about the influential nfl, nature of weightism essay help, choice and happiness. Eva Kassens Michigan University! Noreena Hertz: How to use experts - and when not to - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) We make important decisions every day -- and we often rely on experts to help us decide. But, says economist Noreena Hertz, relying too much on experts can be limiting and even dangerous.

She calls for weightism help, us to start democratizing expertise -- to listen not only to surgeons and CEOs, but also to shop staff. Barry Schwartz on the paradox of choice - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on quality not quantity YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Psychologist Barry Schwartz takes aim at a central tenet of western societies: freedom of choice. In Schwartz's estimation, choice has made us not freer but more paralyzed, not happier but more dissatisfied. Barry Schwartz: Using our practical wisdom - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) In an weightism, intimate talk, Barry Schwartz dives into of michigan basketball roster the question How do we do the right thing? With help from collaborator Kenneth Sharpe, he shares stories that illustrate the essay, difference between following the university bookstore illinois state, rules and truly choosing wisely. Eric Berlow: How complexity leads to simplicity - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Ecologist Eric Berlow doesn't feel overwhelmed when faced with complex systems. He knows that more information can lead to a better, simpler solution. Illustrating the weightism, tips and tricks for breaking down big issues, he distills an overwhelming infographic on U.S. Parking Ticket! strategy in Afghanistan to a few elementary points. George Whitesides: Toward a science of simplicity - a TED talk (you may need to weightism essay help watch it on not quantity writer YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Simplicity: We know it when we see it -- but what is it, exactly?

In this funny, philosophical talk, George Whitesides chisels out an answer. James Geary, metaphorically speaking - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Aphorism enthusiast and author James Geary waxes on a fascinating fixture of human language: the metaphor. Friend of weightism help, scribes from Aristotle to Elvis, metaphor can subtly influence the decisions we make, Geary says. University Of Michigan Basketball Roster 2015-2016! Dan Ariely asks, Are we in control of our own decisions? - a TED talk (you may need to weightism watch it on university roster 2015-2016 YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Behavioral economist Dan Ariely, the weightism help, author of Predictably Irrational, uses classic visual illusions and his own counterintuitive (and sometimes shocking) research findings to parking ticket payment show how we're not as rational as we think when we make decisions. Weightism Essay! Dan Ariely: Beware conflicts of interest - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on university influential 2012 YouTube if TED videos are blocked) In this short talk, psychologist Dan Ariely tells two personal stories that explore scientific conflict of interest: How the pursuit of knowledge and insight can be affected, consciously or not, by essay help, shortsighted personal goals.

When we're thinking about the big questions, he reminds us, let's be aware of our all-too-human brains. Renata Saleci video on (the tyranny of) Choice In this RSAnimate, Professor Renata Salecl explores the paralysing anxiety and dissatisfaction surrounding limitless choice. Does the freedom to be the architects of our own lives actually hinder rather than help us? Does our preoccupation with choosing and consuming actually obstruct social change? Jonah Lehrer - The Decisive Moment, video of 30 min. Of Miami Payment! lecture, plus 15 minutes QA, given at the RSA Jonah Lehrer draws on the latest tools of neuroscience to ask, how does the mind make decisions? And how can we make those decisions better?

Improving Analysis: Dealing with Information Processing Errors ( local copy ), by Rodgers, Warfighter Interface Division, Cognitive Systems Branch, AFRL, Nov 2006 Although humans restrict information in a variety of ways, the focus here is on weightism three specific forms that affect human information processing: (a) the tendency to see patterns where none exist, (b) the university, tendency to seek confirmatory evidence, and (c) the use of preconceived biases. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman presented three heuristics, i.e., factors or conditions that humans use to aid decisionmaking: representativeness, availability, and anchoring. They serve to simplify decisionmaking, making it more efficient; but use of these heuristics also can result in inaccurate decisions. Analysis Paralysis: A Case of Terminological Inexactitude ( local copy ), by Roberts, Defense ATL , Jan-Feb 2010 In the remainder of this article, I will examine three problematic conditions that are often attributed to analysis paralysis. These are depicted in the figure on the right as overlapping circles, symbolic of the fact that one condition can feed off of weightism essay, another. In the eva kassens michigan, spirit of help, Churchill, I have also concocted somewhat grandiose but descriptive labels for basketball, the three conditions: Analysis Process Paralysis, Risk Uncertainty Paralysis, and Decision Precision Paralysis. Critical Thinking: Plugging (or Moving) a Hole in Our Swiss Cheese ( local copy ), by weightism help, Johns, Assistant U.S. Attorney, 2009 Relying largely on the military’s design, testing and influential seniors 2012 nfl implementation, this paper proposes Critical Thinking (CT) training to augment current Recognition Primed Decisionmaking training (RPD). CT training reduces normal human decision error in individual and group processes. Individual CT can reduce or, in essay a specific case, close a hole in the Swiss Cheese model.

In a group, CT can also move the hole out of university bookstore illinois state university, alignment. Combining CT training with Decision Support System improvements has reduced decision error in the military as shown by tests with active duty warfighters in battlefield simulations. From Tactical Planning to weightism essay Operational Design ( local copy ), by Davison, Military Review , Sep-Oct 2008 The three military decision-making models reflect a parallel progression in abhilasha university the evolution of systems thinking. Initially, rational military decisionmaking supported solving well-structured problems such as those found in a mechanistic system. Decision-making primed by recognition subsequently evolved to address problems occurring in natural settings with which the decision-maker had experience.

An intuitive decision-making process then emerged to cope with those situations for which decision-makers had no previous experience. Recognition-Primed Decision (RPD) Model The Recogition-Primed Decision Model: an weightism, Alternative to the MDMP for GWOT ( local copy ), by Bushey and Forsyth, in Field Artillery , Jan-Feb 2006 The Recogition-Primed Decision Model ( local copy ), by Ross et al, in Military Review , Jul-Aug 2004 Klein, S. Wolf, Laura G. Militellio, and Carolyn E.Zsambok show that skilled decisionmakers usually generate a good COA [course of eva kassens state university, action] on their first try. Help! J.G. Johnson and state university M. Raab replicated this finding, extending it to show that when skilled decisionmakers abandon their initial COA in favor of a later one, the subsequent COA’s quality is significantly lower than the first one. Decision Making and the Levels of War ( local copy ), by Killion, in Military Review , Nov-Dec 2000 Recognition-Primed Decision Strategies: First-Year Interim Report ( local copy ), by Klein and Crandall, ARI Research Note 90-91, 1990. Heuristics and Biases in Military Decision Making ( local copy ), by Williams, Military Review , Sep-Oct 2010 The Army values MDMP as the sanctioned approach for solving problems and essay making decisions.

This stolid template is comforting; we are familiar with it. However, what do we do when our enemy does not conform to our assumptions embedded in abhilasha university the process? We discovered early in Iraq that our opponents fought differently than we expected. Fortunately, some have come to see the shortcomings of the classical MDMP process. It is illsuited for the analysis of problems exhibiting high volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. The Army’s nascent answer, called “Design,” looks promising. As outlined in the new version of FM 5-0, Operations Process, Chapter 3, Design is essay defined as “a methodology for applying critical and university of miami parking ticket payment creative thinking to understand, visualize, and describe complex, ill-structured problems and develop approaches to solve them.” Instead of weightism help, a universal process to solve all types of problems (MDMP), the Design approach acknowledges that military commanders must first appreciate the northeastern influential nfl, situation and essay help recognize that any solution will be unique. With Design, the most important task is framing a problem and then reframing it when conditions change. Eva Kassens University! In this article, we will survey three important heuristics to military decision making: availability, representativeness, and anchoring. When combining hindsight bias and retrievability biases, we potentially fail to guard against an event popularized euphemistically as a black swan . Instead of the usual striving toward a “best practices” methodology, which is weightism essay help also full of potential heuristic biases, reflective practice calls for “valuing the university 100 most 2012 nfl, processes that challenge assimilative knowledge (i.e. continuous truth seeking) and by embracing the inevitable conflict associated with truth seeking.”

Battle-Wise: Gaining Advantage in Networked Warfare ( local copy ), by Gompert et al, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University, Jan 2005 Battle-Wise: Seeking Time-Information Superiority in weightism Networked Warfare ( local copy ), by Gompert et al, Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University, July 2006 Chapter One - From Firepower to Information Power to Brainpower Chapter Two - Cognitive Demands of university roster 2015-2016, Networked Warfare Chapter Four - Defeating Networked Adversaries Chapter Five - Integrating Intuition and Reasoning in weightism Action Chapter Six - From Networking Power to Cognitive Power. Net Assessment: A Practical Guide, by Bracken, in ticket Parameters , Spring 2006 Net assessment is one of the principal frameworks for analyzing the national security strategy of the United States. It has been used by essay help, the Department of Defense for quality not quantity, many years. Understanding net assessment—what it is and what it can do—is important for two reasons. Essay! First, it has general application to northeastern university influential many military issues.

Military planners always need to be on the lookout for approaches that can help them do their jobs better. Net assessment should be in that tool kit. Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis, by Lempert, Popper, and Bankes; RAND report, 2003 A sophisticated reader ought to view with great skepticism the prospect of weightism essay help, answering questions about the long-term future. The checkered history of mohandas, predicting the future — from the weightism help, famous declarations that humans would never fly to the Limits to northeastern university 100 most influential Growth study to claims about the “New Economy” — has dissuaded policymakers from weightism essay help, considering the effects of their decisions more than a few months or years ahead. However, today’s choices will significantly influence the course of the twenty-first century. Parking Ticket Payment! New analytic methods, enabled by modern computers, may transform our ability to reason systematically about the weightism essay help, long term. This report reviews traditional methods of grappling with the morrow, from narratives to scenario analysis, which fail to address the multiplicity of not quantity essay writer, plausible long-term futures. The authors demonstrate a quantitative approach to long-term policy analysis (LTPA). Robust decision methods enable decisionmakers to examine a vast range of essay, plausible futures and design near-term, often adaptive, strategies to be robust across them. Reframing the question “What will the long-term future bring?” as “How can we choose actions today that will be consistent with our long-term interests?” these methods provide powerful analytic support to eva kassens university humans’ innate capacity for weightism help, “what-if-ing.” Theory of bookstore illinois state university, Effectiveness Measurement ( local copy ), by Bullock, AFIT dissertation, Sep 2006 Effectiveness measures provide decision makers feedback on the impact of weightism essay help, deliberate actions and affect critical issues such as allocation of scarce resources, as well as whether to not quantity maintain or change existing strategy.

Currently, however, there is weightism no formal foundation for formulating effectiveness measures. This research presents a new framework for mohandas of nottingham, effectiveness measurement from both a theoretical and practical view. . Finally, the pragmatic nature of the weightism essay help, approach is illustrated by measuring the effectiveness of a notional, security force response strategy in a scenario involving a terrorist attack on a United States Air Force base. Cultural Differences Cultural Factors in Complex Decision Making, by Strohschneider, in Online Readings in not quantity Psychology and weightism Culture , Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington USA, 2002 Decision Making in Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures, by Gss, in Online Readings in quality not quantity Psychology and Culture , Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington USA, 2002. Custer in Cyberspace ( local copy ), by Gompert and Kugler, Defense Horizons number 51, Feb 2006 One of the consequences of the network revolution and weightism help corresponding distribution of authority is that many more persons up and down the ranks will be making combat decisions than compared to bookstore illinois the days of weightism essay, centralized command and control. Power is migrating from headquarters “to the edge.” Therefore, it is essential to foster battle-wisdom not just for senior officers but also for the junior officers and noncommissioned officers leading units in 100 most 2012 nfl the field. Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking . New York: Little, Brown, 2005 Book review of Gladwell's Blink ( local copy ), by Norton, in Naval War College Review , Winter 2006. Future Warfare and weightism the Decline of Human Decisionmaking, by Adams, in Parameters , Winter 2001 In short, the military systems (including weapons) now on the horizon will be too fast, too small, too numerous, and will create an environment too complex for humans to direct.

Furthermore, the proliferation of information-based systems will produce a data overload that will make it difficult or impossible for humans to directly intervene in decisionmaking. This is essay not a consideration for the remote science-fiction future. Weapons and other military systems already under development will function at increasingly higher levels of complexity and responsibility--and increasingly without meaningful human intervention. Extending Naturalistic Decision Making to weightism help Complex Organizations: A Dynamic Model of Situated Cognition, by bookstore university, Shattuck and Miller, Naval Postgraduate School, 2006 Naturalistic decision making (NDM) has become established as a methodological and theoretical perspective. It describes how practitioners actually make decisions in complex domains. However, NDM theories tend to focus on help the human agents in the system. We extend the NDM perspective to include the technological agents in complex systems and introduce the dynamic model of situated cognition. A Literature Review of Analytical and Naturalistic Decision Making ( local copy ), by Zsambok, Beach, and Klein, for Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center, Dec 1992 - examines many decision models/strategies.

Experts, expertise, and university of miami parking ticket experience ( local copy ), course module from NOAA What do experts do so well that others don't? Recognize patterns Detect anomalies Keep the big picture (situation awareness) Understand the way things work Observe opportunities, able to improvise Relate past, present, and future events Pick up on very subtle differences Address their own limitations What is an expert? Novice - Lives in the moment. Can’t recognize complex relationships. Produces limited options. Routine Expert - Great at everyday stuff, strong procedural knowledge. Runs into trouble when problems are ill-structured or novel. Adaptive Expert - Has a deep comprehension of conceptual structure of the problem domain. 25 hours of well done simulations can achieve the same effect as 2 years of experience (or much more) NASA's ASK Talks with Dr. Gary Klein - use of storytelling, even internally, to improve decision making and problem solving and development/use of expertise.

Military Decisionmaking Process (MDMP) Implications of weightism essay help, Modern Decision Science for Military Decision-Support Systems, by Davis, Kulick, and Egner, RAND, 2005 Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP) ( local copy ), chapter 5 of FM 101-5 Staff Organization and Operations Is It Time to Abandon the Military Decisionmaking Process ( local copy ), by McLamb, in Military Review , Mar-Apr 2002 US Army Decisionmaking: Past, Present, and Future ( local copy ), by Paparone, in Military Review , Jul-Aug 2001 How Critical Thinking Shapes the Military Decision Making Process ( local copy ), by Usry, Naval War College, 2004 A lack of Combatant Commander (COCOM) critical thinking in the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) is a causal factor in military failure at abhilasha mohandas, the operational level. However, critical thinking can improve the MDMP of the COCOM. Weightism Essay! This paper analyzes the effects of critical thinking on the combatant commander’s decision making process by: defining critical thinking; illustrating its impact on intuitive and analytical decisions; demonstrating barriers to critical thinking and michigan state proposing practical ways to use critical thinking in the MDMP. Descriptive Models of Military Decision Making ( local copy ), by help, Klein et al, ARI Research Note 90-93, 1990. Combined Forces Command-Afghanistan Management Decision Model ( local copy ), DoD IG, July 2005 Considering the request for assistance and the proposed application of the MDM, the DoD IG Team created a “universal” model that can be used to assess the capability and university of michigan basketball capacity of any organization founded on democratic principles and the “Rule of Law.” For the purposes of weightism essay, this model, the not quantity essay, definition of “organization” includes the full spectrum of organizational structures—from a nation-state to any type of government-, military-, or business-related entity.

Consequently, the DoD IG Team built the attached model and identified the high-level elements common to most organizations that should be considered to establish a viable, stable, and selfsustaining institution. This document, therefore, includes the Management Decision Model, instructions on weightism essay how to use the model, and quality not quantity essay writer a comprehensive description of the various elements embedded in help the model’s architecture. Applying Dialectic to Acquisition Strategy ( local copy ), by Peeler, in Acquisition Review Quarterly , Spring 1997 - includes discussion of Kant's Hierarchy of Reason Hegel's Dialectic Karl Popper Simultaneous Antitheses. General Robert E. Lee and illinois university Modern Decision Theory, by Gilster, in weightism help AU Review , Mar-Apr 1972, including discussion of battle of Chancellorsville, and brief discussion of Lanchester Equations Bayes’ Theorem Von Neumann-Morgenstern Utility Theorem. Decision Sciences Institute (DSI), multidisciplinary international association dedicated to advancing knowledge and improving instruction in all business and related disciplines. Are You a Good Decision Maker? ( local copy ), from SBA -- includes Ten Steps to bookstore illinois Wise Decision-Making and Common Decision-Making Mistakes The Human Side of Decision Making ( local copy ), from FAA -- brief examination of the weightism, human traits that interfere with decision-making.

Ladder of 100 most influential 2012 nfl, Inference ( local copy ), from essay help, NIH - a model that describes an individual's mental process of quality essay, observing situations, drawing conclusions and taking action War in the Pits: Marine-Futures Traders Wargame ( local copy ), NDU Strategic Forum 61, by West Marine generals and colonels vs futures traders in decisionmaking wargame The traders' OODA loop, executed at weightism, much higher speed, is ISAA: Information, Sort by Priority, Act, Assess Virtual Stress ( local copy ), in Marines Online , senior Marines vs futures traders in illinois state decision making wargame. The Collapse of Decisionmaking and Organizational Structure on Storm King Mountain ( local copy ), by Putnam, USDA Forest Service, 1995 Numerous studies show no matter how many factors are important, the help, human mind normally can handle only about seven factors (e.g., seven-digit telephone numbers). People are not always aware of which factors dominate their decision process. Although we say “safety first,” this doesn’t mean it’s necessarily first in actual decisions. Also, people are seldom aware of the few factors they actually are processing so tend to be overconfident in their decisionmaking ability. Studies also show that our linear thinking tends to underestimate hazards, particularly if the hazard is increasing at a logarithmic or exponential rate as can happen on the fireline.

An example would be estimating rates of fire spread. A computer would give the better decision in a heartbeat. People would tend to university of michigan basketball 2015-2016 underestimate the rate of spread and essay help have difficulty deciding on an appropriate course of action. And so it is important to understand the limits of of michigan basketball 2015-2016, how we process information and common types of errors that can occur. Revisiting the Abilene Paradox - Is Management of Agreement Still an Issue?, by Deiss - brief discussion of the mismanagement of agreement, where nobody in help a group wants to do an quality, activity, but the group does it because each member thinks all the weightism, others want to university of michigan basketball 2015-2016 do it.

Intuition: an Imperative of Command ( local copy ), by essay help, Rogers, in Military Review - examines relevance of intuition to decision making in the context of warfighting on the modern battlefield. Decisionmaking Theory ( local copy ), Marine Corps Doctrine Publication 6 the intuitive approach is more appropriate for the vast majority of typical tactical or operational decisions-decisions made in the fluid, rapidly changing conditions of war when time and uncertainty are critical factors, and creativity is a desirable trait Note 18. Intuitive decisionmaking more appropriate for the vast majority of of michigan basketball 2015-2016, tactical/operational decisions: A 1989 study by essay, Gary A. Klein (based on 1985 observations) estimated that decision makers in a variety of disciplines use intuitive methods 87 percent of the northeastern university, time and analytical methods 13 percent of the time. Evidence now suggests that this study was actually biased in favor of analysis . More recent studies estimate the breakdown at more nearly 95 percent intuitive to 5 percent analytical.

G. A. Klein, Recognition-Primed Decisions in William B. Rouse (ed.), Advances in Man-Machine System Research (Greenwich, CT: Jai Press, 1989); G. Essay! L. Kaempf, S. Wolf, M. L. University! Thordsen, and weightism help G. Klein, Decision Making in writer the Aegis Combat Information Center (Fairborn, OH: Klein Associates, 1992); R. Pascual and S. Henderson, Evidence of Naturalistic Decision Making in Command and Control in C. Zsambok and G. Klein (eds.), Naturalistic Decision Making , forthcoming publication (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates); Kathleen Louise Mosier, Decision Making in essay the Air Transport Flight Deck: Process and Product , unpublished dissertation (Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1990). Decision Making Theory ( local copy ), Naval Doctrine Publication 6, Naval Command and Control The intuitive approach is clearly more appropriate for the fluid, rapidly changing environment of combat, when time and 100 most influential seniors 2012 nfl uncertainty are critical factors. Naturalistic Decision Making ( local copy ), an attempt to understand how humans actually make decisions in complex real-world settings, by Klein and Klinger, 4 pages, in Human Systems IAC Gateway , vol XI, nbr 3 -- article contrasts naturalistic with recognition-primed decision (RPD) model. A Framework for Military Decision Making under Risks ( abstract ) ( full copy ), by Schultz, School of Advanced Airpower Studies (SAAS) - includes discussion of Eisenhower's decision regarding Operation Market Garden - see especially Chapter 2, Military Decision Making and Prospect Theory - Command Decisions, collection of essays on the key decisions by both sides in both theaters of WW II. Some Commercial Tools Influence Net Modeling tools from SAIC, combining subjective with objective Definitive Software, with tools re: scenarios, risk analysis, decision-making Decisioneering software, with tools for optimizing decisions in complex situations Reason!Able, software for essay, organizing thoughts, analyzing arguments, and building decision skills Rationale ™ , argument mapping software. Decision-Making, by Kent, in AU Review , May-June 1971 - addressing the problems and use of analysis More On Decision-Making, by Blythe, in AU Review , Jan-Feb 1972 - follow-on and mohandas of nottingham response to above article. Gaming and Decision Theory Coevolution: Studying the Dynamics of Competition, and Gauss: Scenario Translation ( local copy ), by McDonald, of weightism essay help, SAIC, at Project Albert International Workshop 5, posted by USMC Warfighting Lab - includes out-thinking, out-doing, reflexive control, OODA loop, recursive anticipation, co-adaptation, adaptive mental model, and university more.

Game Theory.net, a resource for educators and students of game theory Stability Modeling and Game-Theoretic Considerations, Los Alamos National Labs ( local copy ) Decision-Theory for weightism essay help, Crisis Management, Final Report, ARPA ( local copy ) A Framework for Military Decision Making under Risks ( abstract ) ( full copy ), by Schultz, School of Advanced Airpower Studies (SAAS) -- see especially Chapter 2, Military Decision Making and Prospect Theory. Paradox of Choice Sheena Iyengar on the art of choosing - a TED talk (you may need to university watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Sheena Iyengar studies how we make choices -- and how we feel about the choices we make. At TEDGlobal, she talks about essay help both trivial choices (Coke v. Pepsi) and profound ones, and not quantity writer shares her groundbreaking research that has uncovered some surprising attitudes about our decisions. Barry Schwartz on essay help the paradox of university bookstore illinois university, choice - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Psychologist Barry Schwartz takes aim at a central tenet of weightism essay, western societies: freedom of choice. Bookstore Illinois State University! In Schwartz's estimation, choice has made us not freer but more paralyzed, not happier but more dissatisfied. Renata Salecl - The Paradox of Choice - an RSA video Fusing sociology, psychoanalysis and philosophy, Professor Renata Salecl shows that individual choice is rarely based on a simple rational decision with a predictable outcome. Baba Shiv: Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Over the weightism, years, research has shown a counterintuitive fact about human nature: That sometimes, having too much choice makes us less happy. This may even be true when it comes to medical treatment. Baba Shiv shares a fascinating study that measures why choice opens the door to doubt, and suggests that ceding control -- especially on life-or-death decisions -- may be the best thing for michigan state, us. Game Theory .net - a resource for educators and help students of game theory - with online interactive materials, syllabi, etc. Courses at Sloan School of Management, available online as part of MIT OpenCourseWare Project - includes syllabi and course materials includes Game Theory for Managers.

Game Theory, from the university basketball 2015-2016, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Risk intelligence: How to live with uncertainty, RSA video by Evans Risk intelligence expert Dylan Evans outlines a powerful form of thinking; one where the same intuition seen in help the best poker players can be effectively transferred to business, politics and everyday life. Daniel Kahneman: The riddle of university bookstore, experience vs. memory - a TED talk (you may need to weightism watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Using examples from vacations to colonoscopies, Nobel laureate and founder of behavioral economics Daniel Kahneman reveals how our experiencing selves and state our remembering selves perceive happiness differently. Weightism Essay Help! This new insight has profound implications for economics, public policy -- and our own self-awareness. Quality Essay Writer! Widely regarded as the weightism, world's most influential living psychologist, Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel in university of miami ticket payment Economics for weightism essay, his pioneering work in behavioral economics -- exploring the irrational ways we make decisions about northeastern 100 most influential seniors 2012 risk. Decisionmaking Theory ( local copy ), Marine Corps Doctrine Publication 6 the intuitive approach is more appropriate for the vast majority of typical tactical or operational decisions-decisions made in the fluid, rapidly changing conditions of essay help, war when time and parking payment uncertainty are critical factors, and creativity is weightism essay help a desirable trait Improving CIA Analytic Performance: Strategic Warning ( local copy ), by Davis, occasional paper for CIA's Improving CIA Analytic Performance: Strategic Warning - includes discussion of Substantive Uncertainty and university influential seniors Strategic Warning and essay help Analytic Tradecraft for Managing Substantive Uncertainty and Averting Strategic Surprise through Alternative Analysis

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Communicate the solution to the entire team, resume project, resolve risk. A Framework for Military Decision Making under Risks ( abstract ) ( full copy ), by Schultz, School of Advanced Airpower Studies (SAAS) - includes discussion of Eisenhower's decision regarding Operation Market Garden - see especially Chapter 2, Military Decision Making and Prospect Theory - Complex vs. Complicated Eric Berlow: Simplifying complexity - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Ecologist Eric Berlow doesn't feel overwhelmed when faced with complex systems. He knows that more information can lead to university state a better, simpler solution. Illustrating the tips and tricks for help, breaking down big issues, he distills an overwhelming infographic on U.S. strategy in Afghanistan to a few elementary points. Systemic Operational Design: Learning and Adapting in Complex Missions ( local copy ), by de Czege, Military Review , Jan-Feb 2009 Nearly all missions this century will be complex, and the kind of thinking we have called “operational art” is often now required at battalion level. Fundamentally, operational art requires balancing design and planning while remaining open to university of nottingham learning and adapting quickly to change. Essay Help! Design is not a new idea. Command has always entailed responsibility for designing operations while penetrating complexity and framing problems that planners have to solve.

Individual ability to learn effectively, adapt rapidly and appropriately, and to solve problems has always been self-evidently valuable to commanders. University! Yet, collectively, a command’s overall quality of weightism help, design, learning, and adaptation is what determines results. Military leaders may value individual creativity, critical thinking, continuous learning, and adaptability in their staffs and eva kassens state subordinate commanders, but individual traits do not necessarily add up to collective abilities needed for the best outcomes. Complicated versus complex systems. Merely complicated systems are composed of numerous parts and structures, all logically separable from their environment. An example would be the system for deploying units on a time table for an operation like D-day. Such a schedule could be accurately analyzed in the abstract. Complex systems are made up of dynamic, interactive, and adaptive elements that cannot be separated from essay help, interaction with their environments.

The significant elements of northeastern influential seniors, complex systems are human beings and their relationships. An example would be the action-reaction interplay of the weightism essay help, various actors in cooperation and contention on D-day. Analysis could never predict the university ticket payment, relationships that were the most important part of the weightism essay, flow of events. Where merely complicated systems require mostly deduction and analysis (formal logic of breaking into parts), complexity requires inductive and abductive reasoning for diagnostics and synthesis (the informal logic of making new wholes of parts). Because the elements of complex systems we care most about are human ones, making sense of relationships requires hypothetical synthesis in the form of abhilasha university of nottingham, maps or narratives. Such maps and narratives evolve as informal products that reflect a dimly perceived truth at a moment of understanding in essay time. Not Quantity Essay Writer! To make the best sense of human relationships, interactions, trends, and propensities, military commands have to adopt a habitually skeptical approach to such non-deductive conclusions. Such habituation implies a new intellectual culture that balances design and planning while evincing an appreciation for the dynamic flow of human factors and a bias toward perpetual learning and adapting. Adding to essay the Toolkit: Three Conceptual Tradeoffs ( local copy ), by quality, Austin, SAMS paper, AY10 This monograph shows how understanding three conceptual tradeoffs of complex versus complicated, complexity at large-scale versus fine-scale, and exploration of potential problems versus exploitation of weightism essay, known solutions can help the military practitioner better learn, anticipate and adapt to difficult problems.

It does so by defining the three conceptual tradeoffs and then applying them to Operation Iraqi Freedom for the United States in 2003 and the Israeli incursion into Southern Lebanon by abhilasha mohandas of nottingham, the Israeli Defense Forces in 2006. These difficult operations involved conventional, guerilla, counterinsurgency and irregular operations that provide two relevant examples to help the military practitioner better prepare for 21st century operations. Being a complicated or complex problem does not imply that one is easier or harder to manage than the weightism essay help, other. They are just different. Complicated problems are problems that can be reduced and then reassembled into a whole based solely on their parts. They are understandable, controllable and more predictable than complex problems. Organizations do best with complicated problems when they focus on internal efficiency and optimization. Complex problems are not as predictable due to university parking payment interdependencies and feedback. Organizations that learn, evolve, and adapt with distributed command and control manage them best. Although the ends may be the same, the ways and means to weightism solve complex versus complicated problems are different. To help understand how organizations orient towards complex problems, the scientist William Ross Ashby created a useful concept called the illinois, Law of Requisite Variety.

It states that a problem can only be controlled if the variety of the controller matches the help, variety of the situation to quality essay be controlled. Put another way, the weightism help, complexity of a task must be matched by the complexity of a system trying to perform the northeastern seniors 2012 nfl, task effectively. Much as hierarchically controlled organizations are able to focus on efficiency and optimization, the more distributed the command and control of an organization, the less efficient it becomes, despite its potential ability to weightism essay manage more complexity. Hierarchical and northeastern university influential seniors 2012 distributed command and control systems therefore involve important tradeoffs, each bringing its own unique strengths and weightism weaknesses. TED videos Eric Berlow: Simplifying complexity - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on bookstore illinois YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Ecologist Eric Berlow doesn't feel overwhelmed when faced with complex systems. He knows that more information can lead to a better, simpler solution.

Illustrating the weightism essay, tips and tricks for breaking down big issues, he distills an influential seniors 2012, overwhelming infographic on U.S. strategy in Afghanistan to a few elementary points. George Whitesides: Toward a science of simplicity - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Simplicity: We know it when we see it -- but what is it, exactly? In this funny, philosophical talk, George Whitesides chisels out an answer. Tim Harford: Trial, error and the God complex - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Economics writer Tim Harford studies complex systems -- and finds a surprising link among the successful ones: they were built through trial and error. In this sparkling talk from TEDGlobal 2011, he asks us to embrace our randomness and start making better mistakes.

The Decision-Making Process for weightism help, Complex Situations in university 2015-2016 a Complex Environment, by Benner and Benner, First chapter in Burstein, F. and weightism essay help Holsapple, C.W. (Eds). Handbook on Decision Support Systems. New York: Springer-Verlag (2008) While all decisions are a guess about the future, as complexity builds upon complexity decision-makers must increasingly rely on their intuition and judgment. This chapter explores the decision-making process for of miami parking ticket payment, complex situations in a complex environment (complex adaptive messes) in terms of: laying the groundwork for decision-making, understanding and exploring complex situations, discussing human additive factors, preparing for help, the decision process and mechanisms for influencing complex situations. Laying the groundwork introduces the concepts of emergence, the butterfly effect, the tipping point, feedback loops and power laws. Mechanisms for influencing complex situations include structural adaptation, boundary management, absorption, optimum complexity, simplification, sense and respond, amplification, and seeding. The authors forward that decision-makers may be able to construct a strategy that guides problem resolution through a sequence of decisions and actions leading toward an ticket payment, acceptable solution. Leading Complex Projects in the DoD ( local copy ), by Meier, in Defense AT L , May-June 2013 [AT L = Acquisition, Technology Logistics] There is a quote from Albert Einstein that is very relevant to complex projects: “Any intelligent fool can make things bigger and more complex. . It takes a touch of genius—and a lot of courage—to move in help the opposite direction.” In many cases, it is organizations, agencies, and senior committees that make projects bigger and more complex than they need to quality not quantity be. Weightism Essay! My hope is that this article will provide leaders of complex projects with the data and the courage to reduce complexity and deliver complex projects within scope, cost, and of michigan basketball roster schedule. Leadership and Systems Thinking ( local copy ), by Reed, in Defense AT L , May-June 2006 [AT L = Acquisition, Technology Logistics] The Department of Defense is a large and complex social system with many interrelated parts. As with any system of this type, when changes are made to one part, many others are affected in a cascading and often unpredictable manner.

Thus, organizational decisions are fraught with second- and third-order effects that result in unintended consequences. “Fire and forget” approaches are rarely sufficient and are sometimes downright harmful. Peter Senge submits, in weightism The Fifth Discipline , that systems thinking provides just the type of discipline and toolset needed to encourage the basketball roster 2015-2016, seeing of “interrelationships rather than things, for seeing patterns of change rather than static ‘snapshots.’” Senge argues that this shift of mind is necessary to deal with the complexities of dynamic social systems. Peirce, Pragmatism, and The Right Way of Thinking ( local copy ), by Campbell, Sandia National Labs, Aug 2011 Peirce is known as the weightism help, founder of the university parking ticket payment, philosophy of essay help, pragmatism and these lectures, given near the end of university 2012, his life, represent his mature thoughts on the philosophy. Peirce’s decomposition of essay help, thinking into eva kassens state abduction, deduction, and induction is among the important points in the lectures. Adaptive Peircean Decision Aid Project Summary Assessments ( local copy ), by Senglaub, Sandia National Laboratories, Dec 2006 Abstract - This effort's objective was to identify and hybridize a suite of technologies enabling the development of predictive decision aids for use principally in combat environments but also in weightism essay any complex information terrain.

The technologies required included formal concept analysis for knowledge representation and information operations, Peircean reasoning to support hypothesis generation, Mill’s canons to begin defining information operators that support the first two technologies and co-evolutionary game theory to provide the environment / domain to university parking payment assess predictions from the reasoning engines. Essay! The intended application domain is the IED problem because of its inherent evolutionary nature. While a fully functioning integrated algorithm was not achieved the hybridization and university illinois demonstration of the technologies was accomplished and essay demonstration of utility provided for a number of ancillary queries. Figure 1 [on PDF page 5] shows a decision making paradigm The reasoning engine is based on university roster C.S. Peirce’s model of scientific inquiry. Weightism Essay! This philosophical construct provides the foundation for university bookstore illinois state, how we as humans reason about situations new to us. This model consists of three reasoning capabilities; Abduction, deduction and induction. A crude way of essay, looking at university 100 most seniors nfl, this suite of logic is abduction provides plausible hypotheses to essay explain an observation, deduction provides a basis for quality, selecting from that set of hypotheses, and induction is the means to weightism help validate the hypothesis selected. Bringing Intelligence About: Practitioners Reflect on Best Practices ( local copy ), ed. by Swenson, Joint Military Intelligence College, 2003 Reasoning: The ability to university 2015-2016 reason is what permits humans to process information and formulate explanations, to assign meaning to observed phenomena.

It is by essay, reasoning that analysts transform information into intelligence, in northeastern university seniors 2012 nfl these three ways: 1. Induction: Inductive reasoning combines separate fragments of essay, information, or specific answers to problems, to of miami ticket form general rules or conclusions. For example, using induction, a child learns to associate the color red with heat and weightism help heat with pain, and then to quality essay writer generalize these associations to new situations. Rigorous induction depends upon demonstrating the validity of causal relationships between observed phenomena, not merely associating them with each other. 2. Deduction: Deductive reasoning applies general rules to specific problems to arrive at weightism help, conclusions. University Of Miami Parking Ticket! Analysts begin with a set of rules and use them as a basis for interpreting information. Essay! For example, an analyst who follows the nuclear weapons program of a country might notice that a characteristic series of events preceded the last nuclear weapons test. Upon seeing evidence that those same events are occurring again, the analyst might deduce that a second nuclear test is imminent. However, this conclusion would be made cautiously, since deduction works best in closed systems such as mathematics, making it of limited use in abhilasha university of nottingham forecasting human behavior. 3. Abduction: Abductive reasoning describes the thought process that accompanies “insight” or intuition. When the information does not match that expected, the essay help, analyst asks “why?,” thereby generating novel hypotheses to explain given evidence that does not readily suggest a familiar explanation.

For example, given two shipping manifests, one showing oranges and lemons being shipped from university of michigan 2015-2016, Venezuela to Florida, and the other showing carnations being shipped from weightism essay, Delaware to Colombia, abductive reasoning is what enables the analyst to take an analytic leap and ask, “Why is citrus fruit being sent to the worldwide capital of citrus farming, while carnations are being sent to the world’s primary exporter of that product? What is really going on here?” Thus, abduction relies on the analyst’s preparation and experience to suggest possible explanations that must then be tested. Eva Kassens Michigan University! Abduction generates new research questions rather than solutions. Manual of Job-Related Thinking Skills ( local copy ), Department of Homeland Security - including deductive reasoning, reasoning with sets, inductive reasoning about real-world events, and statistical reasoning - includes quizzes throughout. Statistics and essay Trace Evidence: The Tyranny of Numbers ( local copy ), by Houck, in Forensic Science Communications , FBI - discusses induction and deduction and their application in establishing evidence - see especially the section How Do We Know All Ravens Are Black? quick definitions at an NIH site listing desired job skills Deductive Reasoning - Able to apply general rules to specific problems to come up with logical answers, including deciding whether an answer makes sense. Inductive Reasoning - Able to combine separate pieces of of miami payment, information, or specific answers to weightism essay help problems, to form general rules or conclusions. University Parking! This includes coming up with a logical explanation for why seemingly unrelated events occur together.

Janusian Thinking and Acting ( local copy ), by Paparone and Crupi, in Military Review , Jan-Feb 2002 The authors maintain that the current U.S. approach to weightism essay military operations-strategic, operational, and tactical-is too linear for today's contemporary operating environment. They argue that future warfighters must move beyond linear thought and action to a realm of thinking and acting that recognizes and accepts paired yet opposite ideas and mohandas university actions Instead of ruling out alternative hypotheses, Janusian thinking calls on us to embrace contradictions as naturally occurring phenomena. When we create insights for thinking and acting from the Janusian framework, we achieve remarkable explanatory power over the nature of human information processing. The seats of reason? An imaging study of deductive and inductive reasoning, by Goel et al, Dept of Psychology, York U., North York, Ontario, CA -- abstract posted by weightism, National Library of eva kassens michigan state, Medicine. We carried out a neuroimaging study to weightism help test the university parking, neurophysiological predictions made by different cognitive models of reasoning. Ten normal volunteers performed deductive and inductive reasoning tasks while their regional cerebral blood flow pattern was recorded using [15O]H2O PET imaging. Essay! In the university of nottingham, control condition subjects semantically comprehended sets of three sentences. In the deductive reasoning condition subjects determined whether the essay, third sentence was entailed by the first two sentences.

In the inductive reasoning condition subjects reported whether the third sentence was plausible given the first two sentences. The deduction condition resulted in of miami parking ticket activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 45, 47). The induction condition resulted in activation of a large area comprised of the left medial frontal gyrus, the left cingulate gyrus, and the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9, 24, 32). Induction was distinguished from deduction by the involvement of the medial aspect of the left superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 8, 9). These results are consistent with cognitive models of reasoning that postulate different mechanisms for inductive and deductive reasoning and view deduction as a formal rule-based process. PMID: 9175134 [PubMed - indexed for essay, MEDLINE] Deductive Logic, by St. Quality Not Quantity! George Stock, posted by Project Gutenberg. Counterfactual Reasoning Counterfactual Reasoning: A Basic Guide for Analysts, Strategists, and Decision Makers ( local copy ), by essay, Hendrickson, The Proteus Monograph Series , Oct 2008 Counterfactual reasoning is the mohandas of nottingham, process of evaluating conditional claims about alternate possibilities and their consequences (i.e., “What If” statements). These alternatives can be either past possibilities (e.g., “If the United States had not abolished the Iraqi army in 2003, then the Iraqi insurgency would have been significantly smaller in 2005”) or future possibilities (e.g., “If Iran had nuclear weapons, then it would provide this technology to Hezbollah”). Counterfactuals are essential to intelligence analysis because they are implicit in all strategic assessments.

Counterfactual claims are widespread among our national security analysts, strategists, and decision makers. Unfortunately, this is not widely recognized. Furthermore, there is no comprehensive model of counterfactual reasoning to weightism help which anyone may turn if they do become aware of the ubiquitous nature of counterfactuals within intelligence and national security. University Parking Ticket! Instead, there are several fragmented approaches in philosophy, logic, history, political science, and psychology. To make matters worse, none of these approaches has been applied to the unique challenges of intelligence and security. Essay Help! In response, this work seeks to demonstrate both the structure and the significance of abhilasha of nottingham, counterfactual reasoning. It offers not only the first complete system of counterfactual reasoning (of which this author is aware), but the essay, first one specifically designed to address the domain of intelligence analysis and national security. Furthermore, this work proposes three major claims about the place of counterfactual reasoning in analysis and quality strategy. Weightism! Therefore, this work is not only intended to serve as an education in counterfactual reasoning, but also as an exhortation to counterfactual reasoning. Ticket! First Major Proposal (The Strategic Presumption of Counterfactuals): All strategies (and analyses of them) are grounded in a series of counterfactual claims about alternate possibilities, their consequences, and the relationships between them.

Second Major Proposal (The Systematic Potential of Counterfactuals): Major extant methods for essay, assessing alternate possibilities, their consequences, and the relationships between them may be viewed as ultimately not distinct, but as aspects of a single process—counterfactual reasoning. Third Major Proposal (The Structural Priority of Counterfactuals): All assessment of alternate possibilities, their consequences, and the relationships between them should ultimately be conditional (as it is in counterfactual reasoning). Thinking, Fast and Slow , by Kahneman, 2011 Book review of Thinking, Fast and Slow , by Kahneman ( local copy ), review by Babetski, in CIA Studies in not quantity essay writer Intelligence Vol. 56, No. 2 Kahneman, who won the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics for his work with Tversky on prospect theory, also highlights the best work of other researchers throughout the book.

Thinking, Fast and weightism help Slow introduces no revolutionary new material, but it is a masterpiece because of the way Kahneman weaves existing research together. Essay! System 1, or fast thinking, operates automatically and quickly with little or no effort and no sense of voluntary control. System 2, or slow thinking, allocates attention to the mental activities that demand effort, such as complex computations and conscious, reasoned choices about what to weightism think and what to university do. Kahneman focuses much of the book on the interactions of System 1 and weightism essay System 2 and the problems inherent in those interactions. Northeastern University 100 Most Influential! Both systems are “on” when we are awake. System 1 runs automatically and effortlessly but System 2 idles, because using it requires effort and essay is tiring. System 1 generates impressions and feelings, which become the of miami payment, source of weightism essay, System 2’s explicit beliefs and deliberate choices. System 1, when it encounters something it cannot quickly understand and did not expect (in other words, a surprise), enlists System 2 to make sense of the anomaly. The alerted System 2 takes charge, overriding System 1’s automatic reactions. System 2 always has the last word when it chooses to ticket payment assert it. Daniel Kahneman: The riddle of experience vs. memory - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Using examples from vacations to colonoscopies, Nobel laureate and founder of behavioral economics Daniel Kahneman reveals how our experiencing selves and our remembering selves perceive happiness differently.

This new insight has profound implications for economics, public policy -- and our own self-awareness. Widely regarded as the weightism help, world's most influential living psychologist, Daniel Kahneman won the Nobel in Economics for his pioneering work in behavioral economics -- exploring the irrational ways we make decisions about risk. Integrating Fast and Slow Cognitive Processes ( local copy ), by quality not quantity essay writer, Kennedy and Bugajska, for the Naval Research Laboratory, 2010 Human reactions appear to help be controlled by two separate types of mental processes: one fast, automatic, and unconscious and the other slow, deliberate, and conscious. With the attention in university state the literature focused on the taxonomy of the two processes, there is little discussion of how they interact. In this paper, we focus on modeling the slower process's ability to inhibit the fast process. We present computational cognitive models in which different strategies allow a human to consciously inhibit an undesirable fast response. Gladwell, Malcolm. Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking . New York: Little, Brown, 2005 Book review of essay, Gladwell's Blink ( local copy ), by Norton, in Naval War College Review , Winter 2006. Intuition The intuitive mind is a sacred gift and abhilasha mohandas university the rational mind is a faithful servant. We have created a society that honors the weightism, servant and has forgotten the gift.

See tactical decision games on the Simuations page, contrasting intuitive and analytic approaches. See also - Recognition-Primed Decision Model - references in the Decision-Making section above. How We Decide ( local copy ), by Schmitt, in Designing TDGs: A Tactical Decision. Games Workbook , Marine Corps University, 26 Apr 1996 Not surprisingly, the research revealed that proficient decision makers rarely make decisions by concurrent option comparison. Instead they use their intuition to university of michigan recognize the essence of a given situation and to tell them what appropriate action to take.

In fact, separate studies by Dr. Gary Klein and others conclude that decision makers in a variety of fields use the analytical apaproach to decision making less than 10 percent of the time and employ intuitive techniques over 90 percent of the time. Custer in Cyberspace ( local copy ), by Gompert and Kugler, Defense Horizons number 51, Feb 2006 When conditions are complex and dynamic, time is short, and critical information is available, the key to help making good decisions is to blend intuition with reasoning—more specifically, reliable intuition with timely reasoning . From The Personal Relevance of Great Campaigns - by Bird, 22 Feb 2001, Command and General Staff Officer's Course Carl Von Clausewitz explains that events in warfare are surrounded by uncertainty, and that there are few universal truths. Because of this, leaders must sort through this “fog” to quality writer find the help, truth, often a daunting endeavor that’s permeated by chance. The commander must sift through this information and decide what pieces are relevant and require action. Clausewitz specifically refers to the capability of the mind to discriminate information allowing quick, correct decisions. He describes this ability as coup d’oeil, “the quick recognition of a truth that the mind would ordinarily miss or would perceive only after long study and university of michigan basketball reflection .” 2 Napoleon faced such a scenario in the battles of weightism essay, Jena-Auerstadt.

With limited information, he turned an entire field army in place to seek decisive battle with the Prussians and won the day. [ 2 Carl Von Clausewitz, On War , ed. and trans. by Michael Howard and Peter Paret, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976), p. 100-102. ] Intuition: an Imperative of Command ( local copy ), by of miami parking, Rogers, in Military Review - examines relevance of intuition to decision making in the context of warfighting on the modern battlefield. Decisionmaking Theory ( local copy ), Marine Corps Doctrine Publication 6 the essay, intuitive approach is more appropriate for the vast majority of typical tactical or operational decisions-decisions made in the fluid, rapidly changing conditions of war when time and uncertainty are critical factors, and creativity is a desirable trait Note 18. Intuitive decisionmaking more appropriate for university, the vast majority of weightism essay help, tactical/operational decisions: A 1989 study by Gary A. University! Klein (based on 1985 observations) estimated that decision makers in weightism a variety of disciplines use intuitive methods 87 percent of the time and analytical methods 13 percent of the time. Evidence now suggests that this study was actually biased in favor of analysis . More recent studies estimate the breakdown at more nearly 95 percent intuitive to 5 percent analytical.

G. A. Klein, Recognition-Primed Decisions in William B. Rouse (ed.), Advances in Man-Machine System Research (Greenwich, CT: Jai Press, 1989); G. L. Kaempf, S. Wolf, M. L. Thordsen, and G. Klein, Decision Making in the Aegis Combat Information Center (Fairborn, OH: Klein Associates, 1992); R. Pascual and S. Henderson, Evidence of of miami ticket payment, Naturalistic Decision Making in Command and Control in weightism essay help C. Zsambok and G. Klein (eds.), Naturalistic Decision Making , forthcoming publication (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates); Kathleen Louise Mosier, Decision Making in the Air Transport Flight Deck: Process and Product , unpublished dissertation (Berkeley, CA: University of California, 1990). Decision Making Theory ( local copy ), Naval Doctrine Publication 6, Naval Command and mohandas university Control The intuitive approach is clearly more appropriate for the fluid, rapidly changing environment of weightism essay help, combat, when time and uncertainty are critical factors. War in the Pits: Marine-Futures Traders Wargame ( local copy ), NDU Strategic Forum 61, by West Marine generals and colonels vs futures traders in decisionmaking wargame The traders' OODA loop, executed at much higher speed, is ISAA: Information, Sort by Priority, Act, Assess Virtual Stress ( local copy ), in Marines Online , senior Marines vs futures traders in decision making wargame. Intuitive people worse at detecting lies, by Young, NewScientist.com, 18 Mar 2002 People who think of themselves as being intuitive make worse lie detectors than those who do not trust in a gut instinct, according to new research. One possible explanation is quality essay writer that intuitives in fact rely on common misconceptions about how to spot a liar, he says. Situation Awareness, Situational Awareness To see, to weightism essay help hear, means nothing. To recognize (or not to university parking payment recognize) means everything. Individual Situation Awareness ( local copy ), course module from NOAA Situation Awareness Definition (from Mica Endsley, 1988) Level 1 - Perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of space Level 2 - Comprehension of their meaning Level 3 - Projection of their status in weightism the near future. Situation Awareness Demons: the Enemies of Situation Awareness ( local copy ), course module from university payment, NOAA Discusses the weightism essay, eight demons laid out by Endsley et al, in Designing for Situation Awareness Attentional Tunneling Requisite Memory Trap Workload, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Other Stressors (WAFOS) Data Overload Misplaced Salience Complexity Creep Errant Mental Models Out-of-the-Loop Syndrome. Ye Olde Brain, and Its Workings The destiny of every human being is decided by what goes on inside his skull when confronted with what goes on university of miami parking outside his skull. I know you think you understand what you thought I said but I'm not sure you realize that what you heard is weightism help not what I meant.

Daniel Amen - Change your brain, change your life, a TEDx talk Change your Brain, Change your Life. Revelations based on studying 63,000 brain images across 90 countries over 20 years. How Brain imaging can change paradigms and our understanding of healthy life, no matter where we live. Steve Ramirez and of miami parking ticket payment Xu Liu: A mouse. A laser beam. A manipulated memory - a TED talk (you may need to watch it on YouTube if TED videos are blocked) Can we edit the content of weightism help, our memories? It’s a sci-fi-tinged question that Steve Ramirez and mohandas of nottingham Xu Liu are asking in their lab at help, MIT.

Essentially, the pair shoot a laser beam into the brain of a living mouse to activate and manipulate its memory. In this unexpectedly amusing talk they share not only how, but -- more importantly -- why they do this. (Filmed at TEDxBoston.) From Bench to Bunker: How a 1960s discovery in neuroscience spawned a military project, by Bardin, in university The Chronicle of essay, Higher Education , 9 July 2012 The man has a machine strapped to his head, an array of electrodes called an electroencephalogram, or EEG, which is recording his brain activity as each image skips by. It then sends the brain-activity data wirelessly to a large computer. The computer has learned what the man's brain activity looks like when he sees one of the visual targets, and, based on that information, it quickly reshuffles the images. When the man sorts back through the hundreds of images—most without structures, but some with—almost all the eva kassens state, ones with buildings in weightism essay them pop to basketball roster the front of the pack. Weightism Essay Help! His brain and the computer have done good work. That display was a demonstration of a new technology being developed through a collaboration between the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the military's research arm, and quality a private company called Neuromatters, which was founded by a team led by the Columbia University bioengineer Paul Sajda. The hope is that, in help the near future, military analysts might use the technology to eliminate worthless images in 100 most influential seniors 2012 nfl seconds, speeding up their review of satellite images by orders of magnitude. By the looks of it, it's working. Paolo Cardini: Forget multitasking, try monotasking, a talk from TED.com - if TED site is blocked, you may be able to watch it on YouTube or one of the weightism essay help, other sites People aren’t just cooking anymore -- they’re cooking, texting, talking on the phone, watching YouTube and uploading photos of the awesome meal they just made.

Designer Paolo Cardini questions the efficiency of our multitasking world and michigan state makes the case for -- gasp -- monotasking. Amy Cuddy: Your body language shapes who you are, a talk from TED.com - if TED site is blocked, you may be able to watch it on YouTube or one of the other sites Body language affects how others see us, but it may also change how we see ourselves. Weightism! Social psychologist Amy Cuddy shows how “power posing” -- standing in a posture of confidence, even when we don’t feel confident -- can affect testosterone and university bookstore illinois state cortisol levels in the brain, and might even have an impact on our chances for weightism, success. Amy Cuddy’s research on body language reveals that we can change other people’s perceptions — and university illinois state even our own body chemistry — simply by weightism essay help, changing body positions. New TED Book: Brain Power, by Tiffany Shlain - announcement includes an overview video Discusses items such as the quality, fact that a child's brain has 10 times as many connections as the entire internet. Iain McGilchrist: The divided brain - a Best of the help, Web talk featured by TED Psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist describes the real differences between the left and right halves of the human brain. Bookstore Illinois State! It's not simply emotion on the right, reason on the left, but something far more complex and weightism essay help interesting.

A Best of the Web talk from RSA Animate. Scott Fraser: Why eyewitnesses get it wrong, a talk from TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) Scott Fraser studies how humans remember crimes -- and bear witness to eva kassens university them. In this powerful talk, which focuses on weightism help a deadly shooting at sunset, he suggests that even close-up eyewitnesses to a crime can create memories they could not have seen. Why? Because the brain abhors a vacuum. Tan Le: A headset that reads your brainwaves, a talk from university of miami, TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the help, TED.com version won't run on your computer) Tan Le's astonishing new computer interface reads its user's brainwaves, making it possible to control virtual objects, and even physical electronics, with mere thoughts (and a little concentration). She demos the headset, and talks about its far-reaching applications. Rebecca Saxe: How we read each other's minds, a talk from TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) Sensing the motives and feelings of others is a natural talent for humans. But how do we do it? Here, Rebecca Saxe shares fascinating lab work that uncovers how the brain thinks about other peoples' thoughts -- and judges their actions.

Kwabena Boahen on a computer that works like the brain, a talk from TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) Researcher Kwabena Boahen is looking for ways to mimic the brain's supercomputing powers in silicon -- because the northeastern university 2012, messy, redundant processes inside our heads actually make for a small, light, superfast computer. Diane Benscoter on how cults rewire the weightism, brain, a talk from TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the illinois state university, TED.com version won't run on your computer) Diane Benscoter spent five years as a Moonie. She shares an insider's perspective on help the mind of a cult member, and proposes a new way to think about 100 most influential seniors today's most troubling conflicts and extremist movements. talks about viral memetic infections and compromised emotional immune systems Al Seckel says our brains are mis-wired, a talk from TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) Al Seckel, a cognitive neuroscientist, explores the perceptual illusions that fool our brains. Loads of eye tricks help him prove that not only are we easily fooled, we kind of like it. Steven Pinker on language and thought, a talk from TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) In an exclusive preview of his book The Stuff of Thought, Steven Pinker looks at language and help how it expresses what goes on in our minds -- and how the words we choose communicate much more than we realize.

Keith Barry does brain magic, a talk from eva kassens michigan state, TED.com (but you may need to watch it on YouTube if the TED.com version won't run on your computer) First, Keith Barry shows us how our brains can fool our bodies -- in a trick that works via podcast too. Then he involves the weightism help, audience in some jaw-dropping (and even a bit dangerous) feats of brain magic. The Secret Powers of Time, video by Zimbardo Professor Philip Zimbardo reveals how our individual perspective on time affects our work, health and well-being. Mind Reading Machine on illinois state CBS Reads Your Thoughts - (10 out of weightism help, 10 at guessing what a scanned person is thinking about) – also reading/assessing “intentions” and being able to northeastern university 100 most influential seniors 2012 nfl assess if you’ve been somewhere before (for example, when you were robbing the house) and essay neural marketing – and brain patterns indicating various emotions. Science Nation - Mind Reading Computer System May Help People with Locked-in Syndrome Imagine living a life in which you are completely aware of the world around you but you're prevented from engaging in it because you are completely paralyzed.

Even speaking is impossible. For an payment, estimated 50,000 Americans this is a harsh reality. It's called locked-in syndrome, a condition in which people with normal cognitive brain activity suffer severe paralysis, often from injuries or an illness such as Lou Gehrig's disease. Essay! Boston University neuroscientist Frank Guenther works with the university of michigan, National Science Foundation's Center of Excellence for weightism, Learning in Education, Science and michigan state Technology (CELEST), which is made up of eight private and public institutions, mostly in the Boston area. Weightism! Its purpose is to synthesize the experimental modeling and quality not quantity writer technological approaches to research in order to understand how the weightism essay help, brain learns as a whole system. In particular, Guenther's research is looking at how brain regions interact, with the hope of quality writer, melding mind and machine, and ultimately making life much better for people with locked-in syndrome. Psychology of Intelligence Analysis ( local copy ), by Heuer, 1999, for CIA -- very good examination of many elements of critical thinking and mental processes, with examples ( PDF version ) Semiotic Fundamentals of weightism essay, Information Processing in Human Brain ( local copy ), by Perlovsky, Air Force Research Lab The paper discusses a mathematical nature of signs and symbols, and relates it to information processing and understanding, structure of the quality not quantity essay, mind and brain, learning, and pattern recognition. Videos for Thinking Innovating Many videos from the following sources are scattered throughout this website.

No endorsement of ideas or opinions is implied for weightism help, the Air Force or any US Government agency/organization. These are for not quantity writer, your personal interests and education only. TED talks - over 1,200 videos, from 3 minutes to help 25 minutes, by leading thinkers and developers in many fields of university influential nfl, study TED is a nonprofit devoted to Ideas Worth Spreading. It started out essay, (in 1984) as a conference bringing together people from three worlds: Technology, Entertainment, Design. Since then its scope has become ever broader. if the university, TED website copy of the video doesn't play on your computer, cut and paste the weightism, title of the talk into a search engine to find the YouTube copy or other copy which may play. The RSA (Royal Society for the encouragement of university 100 most 2012 nfl, Arts, Manufactures and Commerce) an enlightenment organisation committed to essay help finding innovative practical solutions to today’s social challenges over 400 videos, animations, shorts, and more RSA Animate takes select speeches and adds entertaining animation effects. 99U - Insights on making ideas happen tips, articles, and videos At 99U, Behance's education arm, we focus on what happens after inspiration — researching the forces that truly push ideas to fruition.

Our profiles of proven idea makers, action-oriented tips, and annual conference are all designed to help you transform ideas from vision to reality. PopTech videos We’re a global community of nfl, innovators, working together to weightism essay help expand the edge of change. Miscellaneous Thinking in a Foreign Language Makes Decisions More Rational, by state university, Keim, in Wired online journal, Apr 2012 A series of experiments on more than 300 people from the U.S. and Korea found that thinking in a second language reduced deep-seated, misleading biases that unduly influence how risks and benefits are perceived. The researchers believe a second language provides a useful cognitive distance from automatic processes, promoting analytical thought and help reducing unthinking, emotional reaction. Learning and quality writer Reasoning: The True Heart of the help, Mind ( local copy ), by Gunning, DARPATech2005 - mention of programs to develop cognitive systems that can reason.